A comparison of the contemporary labour and conservative parties in britain

The long history of political contention in Great Britain has consistently been between the Conservative and Labor Parties. National pioneers who were illustrative of both come and go similarly as the prevalence of the two gatherings rise and fall over decades.Labor Party’s Tony Blair had the option to bring back the gathering into the spotlight where it was beforehand before 1970s. Its nearby adversary party, the Conservatives has appreciated the renown during the seventies when the Labor Party committed incalculable errors, or will we say unsound choices on work issues and policies.CNN News called that specific work issue as the party’s â€Å"tailspin† which incorporates Labor-spending arrangements, which carried Britain to a financial circumstance where it dishonorably needs to look for the help of the World Bank through a bailout credit (Blystone, Richard). A year called â€Å"Winter of Discontent† which ran from 1978 to 1979 turned the prominence of t he Labor Party topsy turvy. The most noticeably terrible thing that would ever occur as a result of the yearlong discontent was to lose the seat in the following election.The Labor Party was losing support as an ever increasing number of individuals go to the roads and join rallies. That year, there were about 4.6 million laborers to take to the streets causing the British economy around 29 million workdays. Some portion of the fights against the Labor government was to let their trash stay uncollected in the boulevards which demonstrate that nobody would need to go out work during those days.In 1980, the Labor Party’s dread of losing the political race came as had never been normal after thunderings of discontent with William Hague's administration. Margaret Thatcher of the Conservative Party beat the Labour’s delegate in the national decisions. It was likewise critical to make reference to that the Conservative Party won a lion's share of 33 seats in the Parliament. After Thatcher’s triumph, the Labor Party didn't get any opportunity of prevailing upon the Conservatives for 18 years.Thatcher was the primary lady in the British ideological group who work connected at the hip with John Powell to bring the Conservative Party into a solid ideological group in the wake of losing in the 1974 decisions. Traditionalists have likewise experienced flighty connections inside the gathering, individuals go back and forth and move to and from different gatherings particularly on situations where there are significant contradictions in its part. With Powell and Thatcher, things showed signs of improvement this time. Their system to bring back the prominence of the Conservatives was to accept the open door to win the hearts and trust of the individuals during the â€Å"Winter of Discontent†.They utilized the media to cause individuals to accept that the administration ought not at all have an inclusion in the social and monetary issues. â€Å"Th atcher developed another social base of help for her gathering that came less from the conventional moderates' supporters, the privileged societies and landed nobility, than from the white collar classes and talented laborers who felt progressively discontent and unrepresented by the customary approaches and directions of the two significant political parties† (Rasmussen, et.al. 1995).Thatcher’s picked up ubiquity through the Conservative Party empowered her to win the 1979 decisions first, as a result of the discontent of the individuals on work gives the year prior to the races. Second, it may have been on the grounds that the individuals needed another pioneer outside the Labor government since the last couldn't focus on work worries in running their legislature. In conclusion, the British have referred to Thatcher as straightforwardly restricted to the work thoughts of the Labor government and obviously a crusade have guaranteed the individuals to have such work que stions a need in the following races which they won.Thatcher was a clever innovator in his own right. She won the 1983 decisions subsequent to having it planned when triumph over Falkland Islands against Argentina was still new. Opportune with the British monetary development, Thatcher despite everything cleared the 1987 decisions which let her stay in power until 1990.â But Thatcher neglected to bring the Conservatives back in power in the 1990 races. In spite of the fact that Thatcher was without a doubt well known around then, and that Thatcher was known for her sound administration in managing the interior clashes inside her own gathering, John Major cut her down this time.There were issues which credited Thatcher’s lost of help from her own gathering on account of her faltering to help European incorporation. In such manner, Thatcher bargained her political position when she legitimately restricted to the general assessment of the British individuals towards the integr ation.One more thing was the Thatcher’s survey charge which burdened enlisted voters to supplant property charges gathered by neighborhood gatherings and which was broadly seen as backward by burdening the lower pay layers more vigorously than the privileged societies. With the administration of John Major, the issue of survey charge was gradually destroyed.

Investigating the acceleration Essay Example for Free

Researching the quickening Essay The point of this analysis is to explore the movement of a streetcar on a plane and contrast the outcomes and a scientific model. Models Assumptions  No Friction When making the numerical model I will accept that there is no erosion following up on the streetcar. This is because of the way that the streetcar will be running upon a smooth plane, which offers no opposition. The streetcar is likewise developed upon wheels, which limits the effects of grating among haggle assuming any. Moreover the track utilized for the streetcar is explicitly intended for the streetcar, in this manner decreasing contact considerably more. Smooth Pulley The pulley over which the loads getting the streetcar will be going through, will be smooth. This is for the reasons that the most expensive and smoothest pulley accessible to me will be utilized. Consequently this ought not additionally give any opposition, which may obstruct the progression of movement.  Inextensible String The string, which will be connected to the streetcar to quicken it, will be inextensible, I. e. the string utilized won't be flexible. Level Surface The plane over which the streetcar will be run must be level, I. e.it must not be inclined up or down or to a side, or, more than likely gravity will likewise be having a significant impact in the speeding up or deceleration of the streetcar. To guarantee the track is level I put a ping-pong ball on the track. On the off chance that the ball moved up, down or to a side then I would realize that the track isn't level and would modify it as per the movement of the ping-pong ball. String not at a point The string running off the streetcar ought to be corresponding to the track. This is because of the way that a non-equal string would pull the streetcar down just as advances. Pulling Forwards = ? Cos ? Pulling Down = ? Cos ? No Swaying In the numerical model I will accept that the falling mass doesn't influence. This uses a similar idea as the rope not being corresponding to the streetcar. In the event that the mass influences, the falling mass isn't utilizing its maximum capacity. Pulling Down = m Pulling Sideways = m Cos ? Unimportant Air-Resistance This is because of the remarkable development of the streetcar; low casing, reduced structure and no all-inclusive parts or items upsetting the air elements. Direct To impersonate the genuine circumstance of the movement of a streetcar on a plane I am going to utilize a streetcar of mass extending from 498g to 1498g, which will be run upon a lot of smooth tracks. To quicken the streetcar a light inextensible string will be appended to the streetcar, which will at that point be run over a smooth pulley. At this finish of the string masses running from 20g 80g will be joined which will quicken the streetcar. The mass of the streetcar will likewise be changed. The length of the track will consistently be kept at 1 meter and the time taken for the streetcar to venture to every part of the meter will be recorded. While leading the test I understood that clasp holding the pulley secured 1cm of the track. In this manner when completing the examination I discharged the streetcar from 1.1m along the track, giving the streetcar its 1m course to run. Precision To guarantee exact and dependable outcomes a lot of fixed standards must be followed. The length of the track will consistently be kept to 1 meter. Additionally three separate readings will be recorded when estimating the time taken for the streetcar to venture to every part of the fixed meter. Moreover I will guarantee that the track is level, I. e. it isn't inclined up, down or to a side, else gravity will likewise be following up on the vehicle. Scientific Model To make the numerical model I am going to utilize Newtons second law, which expresses, The adjustment moving is relative to the power. For objects with consistent mass, just like the case with this trial, this can be deciphered, as the power is corresponding to the speeding up. Resultant power = mass  acceleration This is composed: F = mama The resultant power and the speeding up are consistently a similar way. In the event that I utilize the condition of Newtons second law F = mama and transpose it into the structure y = mx + c where the slope of the diagram is gravity. F = mama mg T = mama T = Ma (Substitute into mg T = mama) mg Ma = mama mg = mama + Ma mg = a (m+M) a = g (m/m+M) a = g (m/m+M) + 0 y = m x + c This chart should go through the focuses (0,0). To work out increasing speed for the numerical model utilizing the above recipe. Mass of streetcar (M) = 498g Mass of weight (m) = 20g Distance = 1m a = g (m/m+M) + 0 a = 9. 81 (20/20+498) a = 0. 38 ms-2 All the increasing speeds have been worked utilizing the above procedure and have been introduced in the table of results underneath. Mass of Trolley (g) Mass of weight (g) Distance (m) Acceleration (ms-2) 4 Experimental Results To work out the quickening for the real analysis I am going to utilize the conditions of movement, Examination As can be seen from the charts the numerical model, models the real investigation genuinely well until the m (mass of weight) is expanded to such an extent that the streetcar is venturing out too quick to even think about ensuring exact planning. Subsequently on every one of the three diagrams the line of best fit beginnings from the birthplace and afterward step by step veers away from the scientific model. On the diagram of results for M = 498g, it is recognizable that the genuine trial models the math model sensibly well, until m is 60g. From that point, for m = 70g 80g, the streetcar is heading out too quick to even consider ensuring exact planning subsequently the enormous mistake bars. Accordingly I have not thought about those two outcomes when adhering to a meaningful boundary of best fit through the focuses. Moreover when working out the increasing speed for the trial results I needed to square the planning, (I. e. t2) thus multiplying the mistake in timing. The other two charts of M = 998g 1498g, there are no odd outcomes. I think the purpose behind this is, due to the expanded load of the streetcar; the streetcar will unmistakably be voyaging more slow, subsequently giving increasingly exact and solid planning. The angle of the line in all the diagrams ought to be in principle 9. 81, yet this obviously isn't the situation. In this way I am going to work out the slope of the lines and contrast it and the math show and see how well the two contrast and one another. As can be seen from the above outcomes the math model did genuinely well to demonstrate the genuine circumstance of two associated particles. The model I planned doesn't coordinate the outcomes I acquired in the investigation. This is on the grounds that possibly I disregarded some factor amounts or the underlying suppositions were imperfect. Then again it might have been the methodology, which was to blame. Regardless all these must be examined into further. Every suspicion should be examined freely to derive whether it is feasible concerning the analysis, in that, a few presumptions were pointless and others were not made. I imagine that if the analysis had been led in a vacuum and I utilized air-tracks the trial would have been significantly increasingly effective.

A Comparison of Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar Essays -- comparis

Looking at Things Fall Apart and Julius Caesar   â â Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare are two altogether different books that are interrelated through their comparable subjects and characters. There are characters from the two stories that can associate with each other through their normal thought processes and qualities. A considerable lot of the primary topics and components of the narratives are comparative including a shocking consummation and subjects of double-crossing, respect, and struggle. Be that as it may, there are contrasts between the characters and topics from the two books too.  In Things self-destruct, Okonkwo would take after Caesar most on the grounds that they were the two men of high titles with achievement in war and fight. Okonkwo was a very much achieved officer known for the numerous heads that he had cut off foes during inborn clashes. Casesar was probably the best broad ever carrying Rome to its pinnacle stature of intensity. The two men didn't fear demise however meet passing unexpectedly. Despite the fact that they were fundamentally the same as, Caesar was executed by a death, while Okonkwo ends it all.  Mr. Kiaga, the interpreter and arbitrator for the Christian evangelist can be coordinated most effectively to Antony. The two men had incredible rhetoric aptitudes which they set out to really utilize. Kiaga utilized his aptitudes to change over and had won numerous proselytes to the new confidence. Antony utilized his rhetoric aptitudes to persuade the group at Caesar's burial service that Brutus and the backstabbers had executed Caesar unreasonably. The two men had extremely faithful characteristics. Antony was faithful to Caesar and needed to retaliate for Caesar's passing. Mr Kiaga was faithful to the congregation and Mr Brown, the minister and leader of the teacher. Despite the fact that they are comparative from numerous points of view, they have differe... ...promotion done nothing at all and Brutus executed him since he accepted that the general would change into an overbearing ruler. Caesar's aspiration could have demolished Rome if not for the honorable activities of Brutus.  Despite the fact that these two books may appear to be altogether different, they additionally share numerous similitudes. Despite the fact that they are not related through their plots, they unquestionably share some significant topics and likeness of characters. Through these similitudes, two unique stories in totally extraordinary time spans and areas can be united in numerous examples.  Works Cited:  Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 1958. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London: Norton, 1995. Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. Ed. Alan Durband. London: Hutchinson and Co. Distributers Ltd., 1984.

Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Task - Research Paper Example One of the most outstanding realms that pre-owned correspondence innovations viably to deal with data was the Assyrian Empire. In the primary thousand years BC, the Assyrian Empire extended to an exceptional size; the realm extended from River Nile in Egypt to the Iranian mountains, along these lines about encompassing the cutting edge Middle East. The empire’s administering first class figured out how to control the realm in spite of its gigantic size basically in light of the fact that they utilized proficient correspondence advancements that encouraged successful treatment of authoritative messages and records. Consistent advancements in regulatory innovation encouraged the improvement of correspondence frameworks, which encouraged monetary development. One of Assyrians’ most unmistakable fares was innovations of social administration and control, which involved the advances, for example, pressure, data the board and control of the empire’s physical resources. Assyrians commonly discovered successful methods of overseeing stockpiling, development and the board of merchandise, armed forces, individuals, data and capital. So as to support the empire’s huge populace, Assyrian heads built up a managerial structure comprising of four entwining parts that empowered viable correspondence all through the domain. These parts were the sanctuary organization, the royal residence, the city or town organization and the common organization (Black, 2001). While all segments had their individual progressive systems, just as force bases, a definitive force ordinarily streamed down from the lord. The four structures served to make an equalization in power, permitting data and declarations to spill out of the ruler to the regular people. These structures permitted Assyrians to develop a smoothed out financial and managerial framework that saved money on regulatory expenses, while likewise controlling a larger part of the empire’s inward creat ion implies. Heads at the most minimal structure (the town/city organization) were fundamentally entrusted with assortment of expenses and the executives of duty records, work inductions, just as military call-ups. Because of the compelling various leveled arrangement of correspondence, the ruler ceaselessly settled deportees from different locales of the domain and divided land as favors in return for dedication. This built up an incredibly defined society with negligibly measured refined world class, along these lines keeping open use at an insignificant. Assyrian military advancement likewise empowered the domain to keep up an efficient arrangement of material and food circulation and capacity for troopers and the whole populace. Correspondence issues were settled through a viable chain of posts, which encouraged quick correspondence among far off and capital territory. They consummated the correspondence innovation by utilizing ponies for military purposes and run of the mill co rrespondence points. One reason why the Roman Empire was very solid was a direct result of its ability to speak with the majority. Correspondence held the general public together through convictions in comparable laws and legends, which showed a typical bond went down starting with one age then onto the next (Black, 2001). Rulers in the Roman Empire utilized modest intends to speak with the majority, for example, sovereigns conveyed by showing signals,

Program Assistant Introduction Dina Ufberg COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Program Assistant Introduction Dina Ufberg COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Were halfway through the PA introductions.  Last week, I  shared the QAs with Eloy and Adriana.  Today, youll hear from Dina Ufberg, whos an MIA-MBA dual-degree student. Dina is pursuing a dual degree that combines a Master of International Affairs and a Master of Business Administration focusing on social enterprise. After graduating from the University of Michigan, Dina was awarded a Fulbright to teach in universities in Hong Kong. From there she went on to work at Jerusalem Venture Partners in Jerusalem and New York, learning how startups and venture capital firms operate. Following her VC experience, she went on to learn about technology from a different angle; Dina worked at Scholastic in their education department.  It was through these myriad of experiences that she learned that she wanted to pursue social impact in the form of education technology.  Through her education at SIPA and Columbia Business School, Dina hopes to work for an education technology company. Have you taken classes at other Columbia Schools? I have been fortunate to split my time at Columbia between the Business School and SIPA. I managed within those six semesters to even take an undergraduate language course. I must say that being able to take classes across multiple schools is a big advantage to being a Columbia student. You can expose yourself to different pedagogies and meet students across many fields. What most surprised you about SIPA after you arrived? What surprised me most about SIPA was the student body. Without a doubt each and every student that I met had a rich history both in terms of culture and work experience. I vividly recalling   my first Econ course, the first week at SIPA sitting next to a student who worked for the UN on a children aid project in India. Following that day’s lesson, we went out for coffee and shared our experiences pre-SIPA and surprised ourselves to learn that not only were we interested in the same field, but were unsure how we might be able to get there. Throughout our time at SIPA, we constantly email one another about events or speakers pertaining to this topic and work to help each other stay on track.   All-in-all I never expected to meet so many talented students in one place who were looking to make new friends and future colleagues. What advice would you give a first-year student? Be open minded. Try course that you think you don’t know anything about. Be willing to take a class even if people say its extremely hard or that the workload is overly heavy. Be ok being uncomfortable! Can you describe the learning environment at SIPA? The group work was very dependent on the class, overall every course had an element of group work in addition to the individual work.   Group work is part of the professional world and having the experience of it in SIPA will make it easier to acclimate to group work in the workplace. Throughout my SIPA experience, I always felt that students wanted and were even eager to help one another. Late night study groups were a standard and even dinner parties to discuss   class readings. I believe that the more you give the more you get and this is very true of the SIPA learning environment. What has been your experience with the Career Services Office? The Career Service Office is there for your taking. As with most aspects of graduate school, you must we willing to put in the time or ask the questions in order to receive the answers. CSO was extremely helpful each time I was in the office, they provided me the resume review, career coaching, interview preparation and overall coaching. I believe that students who enter the office will come out of it feeling better grounded and more confident with their career decisions. Bottom line: go there and ask questions; be diligent  because  you must take the first step by going into the office!  [Photo courtesy of  Dina Ufberg]

Treatment of Race An Analysis of Racial Politics in Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead - Literature Essay Samples

Marilynne Robinsons epistolary novel Gilead takes place during the Civil Rights Movement when racial issues are at their apex. After realizing that he is dying of a heart condition, the main character John Ames writes an account of his life for his seven-year-old son, but chooses to avoid conversations about race. John spends time pondering over a number of subjects including family conflicts and theology, yet manages to overlook racial politics. Race, however, is still a significant but subtle theme in the novel. Issues of race have been surrounding John’s life from his grandfathers fight for abolitionism to his godson’s marriage with a colored woman. Racial tensions are also an evident issue in John’s hometown of Gilead during the 1950s. Although John does sometimes acknowledge the topic of race, he seems largely apolitical and oblivious. Early in the novel, John Ames mentions that â€Å"at this writing [he] has lived seventy-six years† which establishes the setting of the book as 1956, Gilead, Iowa (Robinson 9). The 1950s have been described by many historians as an era of conflict as the emerging African-American Civil Rights Movement exposed the underlying divisions in American society. Race was a national obsession during the 1950s, but that does not seem to concern John. He starts writing his letter only two years after the Brown v. Board of Education, which was a United States Supreme Court decision that reversed the policy of segregation and ordered the integration of African-Americans into all public schools. John, however, does not mention a single word about the incident, nor provides any information about the ongoing race issues to his son. He also starts writing his letter a year after Emmett Till’s tragic death, but ignores the incident, proving his unawareness in the world of politics. In a ddition, 1956 is a year that precedes the Montgomery Bus Boycott that inaugurated the Civil Rights Movement, which shows how heavily race issues are involved with John’s life period. Even the history of Iowa suggests how significant issues of race should be in John’s life. Ever since its creation in 1846, the state of Iowa has prohibited slavery and declared itself a free state. Iowa was also heavily involved in the Civil Rights Movement, as seven years prior to John’s letter, the Iowa Supreme Court in the case of State v. Katz ruled it illegal to refuse service on the basis of race. In his letter, John chooses not to address any of the troubling issues during a period in history when racial tensions emerged as a national obsession, showing his obliviousness in racial politics. Furthermore, John’s obliviousness becomes more evident when the history of his family is taken into account. John’s and his family’s fictional hometown Gilead was founded as a type of a garrison for militants fighting the spread of slavery. The town knows John’s grandfather as a national hero for his commitment to fight for abolitionism. His grandfather set up abolitionist camps and underground railroads prior to the Civil War in order to help African-Americans escape the plight of slavery. John even mentions that his grandfather â€Å"was an acquaintance of John Brown, and of Jim Lane,† two of the most prominent abolitionists in the nineteenth century (47). Along with John Brown and Jim Lane, his grandfather participated in a violent political quarrel known as Bleeding Kansas where he fought on the anti-slavery side. Knowing John’s grandfather’s history, it would seem that John himself would be an active advocate of civil rights for A frican Americans. John, however, seems to have moved away from that mentality much like his father. Both John and his father criticized grandfather’s visions where Christ asked him to join the fight for abolitionism, which sparked a multi-generational conflict. Father has moved away from his fathers ideology of attaining peace through rigid dedication, and John seems to share his father’s views. The differences in ideologies and mentalities have caused John to become apolitical in matters of race, and even when John’s time period is characterized by commitment and dedication to fight social issues, John remains unobtrusive and oblivious. With John’s godson’s sudden appearance, he struggles to address the issues of race in his letter even more. Racial politics in Gilead do not seem like a topic of concern for John, but John’s godson Jack Boughton who happens to have a family with a colored woman at a time when interracial marriage was criminalized by anti-miscegenation laws wants to know what sort of role race plays in Gilead. When Jack attempts to start a conversation about race, John chooses to neglect whatever Jack says. Jack asks John about Iowa’s colored regiment, but John sees no purpose in talking about it. When Jack asks him about the fire at the Negro church that occurred in Iowa, John responds by stating how long ago it was and how â€Å"there was very little damage,† sounding dismissive of racial issues in Gilead (171). He refers to the incident as a â€Å"little nuisance fire† and makes the tragedy seem unimportant (231). Although John’s own godson is dire ctly affected by racial tensions and the mistreatment of African-Americans in the United States, John still decides to remain unconcerned with issues of race. Towards the end of the book, John begins to share his grandfathers view of Gilead as a place of ruins, but does not acknowledge race relations as an issue that is evident in Gilead. President Ulysses S. Grant once called Iowa â€Å"the shining star of radicalism† for its active commitment to fight for abolitionism, but after almost a hundred years, John sees the state as â€Å"a dogged little outpost in the sand hills† (176, 234). He realizes how far Iowa has fallen from its founding spirit, but overlooks racial politics as part of the cause. John ends his letter with high hopes for his son and town. He references Langston Hughes’s poem â€Å"Harlem† about dreams and hopes drying away or exploding. He believes that â€Å"hope deferred is still hope,† and relies on it as a factor that will bring the state of Iowa back to its original status of a â€Å"shining star† (247). As Langston Hughes’s poem shows, however, a hope or a dream defer red does not lead to any resolution. The reference of the poem suggests that John is in fact aware of the race issues that Iowa is struggling with, but he chooses not to reflect on them. Ultimately, he shows his obliviousness and inactiveness by failing to address racial tensions as a problem in Iowa, and solely relying on hope to improve the state’s situation. Although racial tensions were extremely prevalent in 1950s Iowa, John overlooks racial politics, which shows his obliviousness and disinterest in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Issues of race directly affect John’s family, as his grandfather follows his divine calling to fight for abolitionism and his godson gets married to a colored woman, but John remains oblivious and struggles to address race properly in his letter. John’s improper treatment of race in his writing suggests that Marilynne Robinson herself has issues with dealing with race in her novel. Robinson understands the significance of race during John’s life period and attempts to acknowledge it in her novel, but more often than not, leaves things unaddressed. Robinson excludes many incidents involving racial tensions that occurred in the 1950s and, in a way, reduces the importance of race within the context of the novel. Race plays a major role in her story, but she seems to be making it of secondary importance. Robinson herself has lived through the era of the Civil Rights Movement, but through her story of John Ames writing a letter to his son, pays little attention to the issues of race that were so important in that time period. Essentially, John’s unawareness and his inability to address race in his letter suggests that Robinson herself struggles to highlight the importance of racial politics in Gilead. Works Cited Harris, Julian. â€Å"Open Access Journal Publishing and Amicus Curiae.† Amicus Curiae, vol. 2011, no. 87, Oct. 2012, doi:10.14296/ac.v2011i87.1526. Robinson, Marilynne. Gilead. Picador, 2004. Sabin, Henry. â€Å"Iowa and Slavery.† Making of Iowa, Nabu Press, 2010, iagenweb.org/history/moi/moi30.htm. Scott, A. O. â€Å"Return of the Prodigal Son.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Sept. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/books/review/Scott-t.html. Smith, Ali. â€Å"Review: Gilead by Marilynne Robinson.† The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 15 Apr. 2005, www.theguardian.com/books/2005/apr/16/fiction.alismith.

Definition and Examples of Synathroesmus in Rhetoric

Homelessness Is A Serious Problem - 896 Words

Everyone deserves a decent home. A Shelter that provides safety and security. It is a fundamental human need, however, not everyone gets to have a home. Homelessness is a serious problem throughout the world. With an average of 643,067 people experiencing homelessness in America daily, there is now believed to be at least 1.6 million homeless people in America alone according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development s 5th Annual Homeless Assessment Report. (Henry, 2015) Homelessness is a major problem because it damages the capability of a person to provide for themselves. Through loss of skills, they develop an inability to think about employment because they are too busy worrying about housing. There is also an ever increasing amount of homeless individuals becoming ill everyday thanks to the exposure of a variety of diseases. Diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis C, which are at least 46 times greater in the homeless population than the general populatio n. (News-Medical, 2012) Homelessness also damages resilience, self-esteem and self-confidence. (News-Medical, 2012) Many find themselves unable to handle the loneliness and isolation brought upon them by their current situations. Which can lead to a variety of mental issues such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and severe depression. More than 124,000 – or roughly one-fifth – of the 643,067 homeless people across the USA suffer daily from a severe mental illness, according to the U.S.Show MoreRelatedHomelessness Is A Serious Problem1031 Words   |  5 PagesHomelessness is a serious problem in our society. So many people of all ages and backgrounds are out on the streets. In the article â€Å"Overview of Homelessness In America† it says that in the U.S. there are more than 3.5 million people that are homeless sometime during the year. 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The most easy understanding of homelessnessRead MoreHomelessness : A Worldwide Public Health Crisis Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness: A Worldwide Public Health Crisis In the United States, there were approximately 564,708 people who were homeless on a single winter night in 2015 (Housing and Urban Development, 2015). Worldwide, acquiring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based onRead MoreHomeless On A Single Winter Night Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesacquiring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based on the survey it was estimated that 100 million people were homeless across the world (United Nations, 2005). Due to the lack of data, greater focus should be placed on the issue of homelessness. Considering the well-knownRead MoreEssay Homelessness in Canada1214 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout this paper I will be discussing the issue of homelessness and how it is steadily becoming a more serious problem as time progresses. I will discuss issues that surround homelessness such as the NIMBY, not in my backyard, issue and how it is causing the homeless to not receive the help that they need. This is an issue that needs to change, but due to NIMBYism, it is very difficult create such change. â€Å"One diverse population that has continued to increase over the quarter of a centuryRead MoreThe Effects Of Homeless Conditions, Drug Abuse, And Mental Illness1464 Words   |  6 Pagesconditions, self-medication and Homelessness. Depending on the severity of the psychiatric disorder, circumstances can lead to a homeless situation or nomadic lifestyle. It will also cover issues like how these influences affect societal issues such as crime violence, abuse, health troubles and communication difficulties with others due to the problems that these individuals have with their thinking process. Key words: Drug abuse, Mental illness, Self-Medication, Homelessness We must bring

The Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth - 974 Words

Brodi Ashton said, â€Å"heroes are made by the paths they choose, not the powers they are graced with.† Fate is an irrevocable concept that does not rest in the hands of mankind. Macbeth believes that fate is the only thing responsible for his downfall, but he forgets that the witches were never controlling him. Throughout the duration of the play, Macbeth essentially drowns in his sins, so plentiful that he himself loses count. No matter what he did, he did not want to take responsibility. He blames it on the prophecy, when it is, and always has been, his own hand committing the crime. The witches never explicitly tell Macbeth to kill the King, but he considers it almost immediately, and ends up following through with the idea. Macbeth is†¦show more content†¦No matter she says best herself, â€Å"(Macbeth’s nature) is too full o th milk of human kindness† (I.iv.15), which is true in any case, Macbeth has the ability to decline her wishes, regardless of how kind he is. But Macbeth wants not only to please his wife, but to please his ego, as well to gain power and fame- even if it means killing his childhood friend and trusted ally. If he did not desire to kill the King from the depths of his heart, he would not have. The one who desires power most outwardly and brought out bloodthirsty behaviour in Macbeth most violently is Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth influences him by challenging his masculinity and manipulating his emotions. Macbeth is aware that his thoughts of wanting to kill Duncan are perverse, thus, he fights them; but Lady Macbeth pushes him further. Shakespeare initially teaches us to despise this woman, that she is the cause of the protagonist’s downfall. But it is Macbeth who is willing to kill for power; not solely his wife. Macbeth has the ability to say no to the witches, to his wife, and to himself. But he does not. For instance, the Devil proposed to Adam and Eve to eat the cursed apple, but they themselve s were the gullible to listen, to disobey, and to pick the fruit off the tree. Macbeth, once coaxed, immediately gave into his own temptation. â€Å"I have no spur, To prick the sides of my intent, but only, Vaulting ambition, which o erleaps itself, And falls on the other†

Designing a New Direct Sales and Accounting System Essay

strayer Technical Paper Final Project Plan Submitted by: Angel Martinez INTRODUCTION In this paper, I will be simulating, that as a project manager, I have been designated to design a new Direct sales and Accounting System for up a coming business â€Å"Especially for you Jewelers†, or EFYJ. I will be assessing Business benefits, explaining the capabilities, and giving examples of three (3) possible scenarios. I will attempt to create a Vision Document, Activity Diagram, and a Use Case Description. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT When designing any new system special considerations, guidelines, and specification should be taken into consideration. It is best practice that as many people as possible participate in the project, adding some sort of†¦show more content†¦Added methods can be cash, check, electronic, Google wallet, and reward points. Generate more income by placing items online This would attract more customers since it would make it convenient for people to do their shopping on line. More and exciting opportunities might arise and make way for possible expansion of the business. BUISNESS CAPABILITIES Generate payment notices By the company reaching out to customers and working with them on how to repay the item purchase it generates a professional environment while still maintaining essentials of running a business. Ranking system to track customers By having a ranking system, the company could keep track of those customers that frequent the most, pay on time, or non-payment making customers. Organize sale dates with seasons and holidays This would help promote and foster a system that could generate dates and holidays for special sales and savings. It would calculate how much of an item would have to be on hand in order for the company to meet its supply and demand. Ability to shop online With the added ability and luxury to be able to shop on creates a new source of revenue for the Business. It enables companies, in this case EFUJ, to promote, sale, and reach to a variety of demographics. Tracks purchase and Syncs accounts payable This would keep companies books upShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Operation Management Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagescomposed of advertising, public relations, brand marketing, viral marketing, and direct mail. Marketing is most usually confused to mean the same thing as advertising, although they are two different concepts in business. Advertising is defined as the promotion of something such as a company, a product or service or product. It features a strong call to action and promotes the benefits of that being advertised. A sale is the conversion of a business inquiry leading into a contract or shipment. ItRead MoreWhat Is Target Costing And Life Cycle Costing?1246 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past recent years a new term has been coined in management accounting literature:†Strategic Management Accounting†. In the following years and still today, a debate about what SMA comprises has been oriented. It is considered widely by organizations while drafting and imp lementing strategic planning and control system in an organization. This essay will elaborate the understanding and analyzing of work done by CIMA and some other surveyors in relation to this field. Secondary part will beRead MoreAccounting Information Systems For The Purchasing Of Goods / Services1546 Words   |  7 Pageswell a business is doing. Businesses are becoming more complex and it has become increasingly more important to keep up with the demand to provide quality accounting records. One way for stakeholders to measure how true and fair a company’s statements is by enlisting the expertise of auditors. 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The mostRead MoreManagement Accounting Case Analysis1785 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Management Accounting Case Analysis Objective of Analysis The objective of this report is to provide answers to questions in a case analysis of CFO Rubrics Corporation on the determination of whether Rubrics Corporation should adopt an Activity-Based Costing (ABC) System. This report will explain what an ABC system is, what type of companies benefit from such systems and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of such systems. The report will address the CFOs questioned outlined in this case analysisRead MoreAccounting Final Examination Study Guide1765 Words   |  8 PagesObjective: Differentiate between financial statements. 2. _____ is the field of accounting that develops information for external decision makers, such as stockholders, suppliers, banks, and government regulatory agencies. a. Auditing b. Tax accounting c. Management accounting d. 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Lecture Fm Free Essays

Vietnam National University – HCMC International University SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION COURSE SYLLABUS BA016IU Fundamentals of Financial Management 1. COURSE STAFF Lecturer: Ms. Phan Ng? c Anh, MBA Room: #205 E-mail: pnanh@hcmiu. We will write a custom essay sample on Lecture Fm or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu. vn Consultation hours: Thursday OR by appointment (preferred) Teaching Assistant: TBA Should the students wish to meet the staff outside the consultation hours, they are advised to make appointment in advance. 2. COURSE INFORMATION Prerequisite courses: Principles of Accounting 1 2. 1 Teaching times and Locations Lecture: Saturday, 13:00 – 16:00 Venue: C102 1 2 2. 2 Units of Credit: 3 credits 2. 3 Parallel teaching in the course: N/A 2. 4 Relationship of this course to others BA207U – Fundamentals of Financial Management provides students with basic concepts of financial management. The course is provided based on foundation knowledge of financial accounting and economics. This course may fulfill requirements of curriculum for students majoring in business administration in general; however is the foundation for students majoring in finance and accounting. For those students that major in finance and accounting, they can take higher level of courses in finance after this course, to count for some, Corporate Finance, Financial Institutions and Market, Investment and Portfolio Management, International Finance, etc. 2. 5 Approach to learning and teaching Employing the interactive learning and problem-based teaching approach, this course emphasizes the interaction between lecturers and students. The lecture materials will be uploaded in Blackboard to help the students to preview the materials and to concentrate on listening and critical thinking during the lecture. This will help students to interact with the lecturer during the classroom. The sessions for presentations and discussions comprise company case studies as well as answering some theoretical and conceptual questions, which help the students to see how the concepts are applied in the real international business context. Students will present the case to the class and discuss with the peers. 3. COURSE AIMS AND OUTCOMES 3. 1 Course Aims The aim of this course is to expose students to and familiarize them with the theoretical frameworks and practical matters of financial management.. The learning experience will include: an introduction to financial management; time value of money; techniques of pricing of financial instruments such as bonds and stocks; evaluation of major projects; the relationship between risk and return; an introduction to Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Portfolio theory; and cost of capital and capital structuring. 3. 2 Student Learning Outcomes After completing the course, students should be able to: * Explain the purpose, goals, and importance of financial management; * Understand the relationship between risk and return; Understand time value of money and possess skills to convert financial time values; * Make basic valuation of bonds, stocks, and investment projects; * Evaluate capital budgeting alternatives, using the firm’s cost of capital in conjunction with internal rate of return and net present value techniques; * Compute cost of capital and capital structure. 3. 3 Teaching Strategies The learning system in this course consists of lectures and discussions. Lectures elaborate the appropriate theoretical content in the textbook and readings. Classes provide a more detailed and refined analysis of both concepts and applied materials. Classes are strongly oriented towards interactive discussion of the text and cases. 4. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND CONDUCT 4. 1 Workload It is expected that the students will spend at least eight hours per week studying this course. This time should be made up of reading, research, working on exercises and problems, and attending classes. In periods where they need to complete assignments or prepare for examinations, the workload may be greater. 4. 2 Attendance Class Attendance is Mandatory. Roll will be taken by random quizzes’ submissions at times of classes. University regulations indicate that if students attend less than eighty per cent of scheduled classes they may be refused final assessment. Exemptions may only be made on medical grounds. 4. 3 General Conduct and Behavior Beepers, cell phones, and pagers need to be turned off before entering the classroom. The students are expected to conduct themselves with consideration and respect for the needs of the fellow students and teaching staff. Conduct which unduly disrupts or interferes with a class, such as ringing or talking on mobile phones, is not acceptable and students will be asked to leave the class. 4. 4 Keeping informed The students should take note of all announcements made in lectures or on the course’s Blackboard. From time to time, the university will send important announcements to their university e-mail addresses without providing a paper copy. The students will be deemed to have received this information. 5. LEARNING ASSESSMENT 5. 1 Formal Requirements In order to pass this course, the students must: * achieve a composite mark of at least 50; and * make a satisfactory attempt at all assessment tasks (see below). 5. 2 Assessment Details Two Class tests 30% Mid-Term Exam 30% Final Exam 40% Total 100% Mid-term Exam and Final Exam: Mid-term and final test will be a combination of short answer questions, application problems and multiple-choice questions and will cover all the reading, homework, and lectures associated with the topics noted on the reading list. 5. 4 Class participation Students are expected to attend class regularly, and are responsible for materials covered during their absences. Although it is the responsibility of the student for non-attendance, the lecturer has full authority to drop a student for excessive absences. 5. 5 Special Consideration Request for special consideration (for final examination only) must be made to the Office of Academic Affairs within one week after the examination. General policy and information on special consideration can be found at the Office of Academic Affairs. 6. ACADEMIC HONESTY AND PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the presentation of the thoughts or work of another as one’s own (definition proposed by the University of Newcastle). Students are also reminded that careful time management is an important part of study and one of the identified causes of plagiarism is poor time management. Students should allow sufficient time for research, drafting, and the proper referencing of sources in preparing all assessment items. The university regards plagiarism as a form of academic misconduct, and has very strict rules regarding plagiarism. 7. STUDENT RESOURCES 7. Course Resources Required textbook: Brealey, R. A. , Myers, S. C. and Marcus, A. J. , Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, 5th ed, McGraw Hill 2007 Note: the course will cover Chapter 1 – 12 Recommended readings: Recommended website: http://highered. mcgraw-hill. com/sites/007353062x/information_center_view0/ http://www. mhhe. com/business/finance/corpfinonline/. Choose â€Å"Finance Tutor Series†. www. financ e. yahoo. com www. bloomberge. com www. reuters. com www. vneconomy. com www. efinance. com. vn Other recommended books: Brigham, E. F. and Houston, J. F. 2007), Fundamentals of Financial Management, 11th edn, South-Western. Ross, S. A. , Westerfield, R. W. , and Jordan, B. D. (2010) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance – 7th ed, McGraw Hill. Additional materials provided in Blackboard The lecturer will attempt to make lecture notes and additional reading available on Blackboard. However this is not an automatic entitlement for students doing this subject. Note that this is not a distance learning course, and you are expected to attend lectures and take notes. This way, you will get the additional benefit of class interaction and demonstration. 7. Other Resources, Support and Information 1 Additional learning assistance is available for students in this course and will be made available in Blackboard. Academic journal articles are available through connections via the VNU â€⠀œ Central Library. Recommended articles will be duly informed to the students. 8. COURSE SCHEDULE: Week| Topic| Learning materials| 1| Introduction to corporate financeIntroduction CorporationGoals of the corporationAgency problemsFinancial DecisionInvestment DecisionFinancing DecisionDividend PolicyRoles of Financial ManagerWhy corporations need financial markets? Functions of financial markets and intermedias| Textbook, Chapter 1| 2| Time Value of MoneyBasic conceptsTime line/ Future values (FV)/ Present values (PV)Simple interest rate (SR)/ Compound interest rate(CR)Multiple cash flowsFuture value of Multiple Cash FlowsPresent value of Multiple Cash FlowsPerpetuity cash flowsPresent Value of a PerpetuityOrdinary annuity cash flow/ Annuity due cash flow Future Value of an AnnuityPresent Value of an Annuity| Textbook, Chapter 4| 3| Time Value of Money (Cont. Growing ordinary annuity cash flow/ Growing annuity due cash flow Future Value of an growing annuityPresent Value of an growing annuityMortgate loansInflation and time value of moneyReal versus nominal cash flowsEffective annual interest ratesQuiz 1| Textbook, Chapter 4| 4| Bonds and their evaluationBond characteristicsBond evaluationCoupon bonds, semi-annual coupon bondsZero-coupon bondsBond yieldCurrent yieldYield to maturity (YTM)Rate of returnRelationship between market interest rate a nd bond priceBond premiums and bond discounts| Textbook, Chapter 5| 5| Stock and their evaluationEquity versus debtCommon stocks Preferred stocksBook values, Liquidation values, and Market valuesStock valuation: Dividend Discount Model (DDM)Zero growth common stocksConstant growth common stocksDifferential growth common stocksPreferred stocksGrowth stocks and Income stocksMid-Term| Textbook, Chapter 6| 6| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting DecisionCapital budgeting decisionCapital budgeting processProject classificationsNet Present Value (NPV) methodInternal Rate of Return (IRR) methodPayback Period (PP)/ Discount Payback period (DPP) methodProfitability Index (PI)| Textbook, Chapters 7| 7| Project Investment Criteria and Capital Budgeting (Cont. Principles of identifying cash flowsCalculating Cash Flows Capital investmentOperating cash flowsInvestment in working capitalTerminal-year incremental cash flowMinicaseQuiz 2| Textbook, Chapter 8| 8| Introduction to Risk, Re turn and Opportunity Cost of CapitalIntroduction relationship between Risk and ReturnHistorical overview of risk and returnRates of returnMeasuring riskVariance and standard deviation Risk and diversificationDiversificationAsset versus portfolio riskVariance and standard deviation of returns for a two-asset portfolioUnique risk versus market risk | Textbook, Chapters 10| 9| Risk, Return and capital budgetingMeasuring market riskConcept of betaPortfolio betasRisk and returnCapital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)Security Market Line (SML)Capital budgeting and Project Risk| Textbook, Chapter 11| 10| Capital Structure and Cost of CapitalMeasuring capital structureMarket versus book weightCost of capital Cost of debtCost of preferred stocksCost of equityCost of retained earningWeighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)WACC and business evaluation| Textbook, Chapter 12| 11| Revision| | —————————————— – [ 1 ]. This is adapted with kind permission from the University of New South Wales. How to cite Lecture Fm, Papers

Restaurant management Essay Example For Students

Restaurant management Essay My interview is with a manager of a restaurant, the restaurant can have as many as 75 customers, and staff of 14. The restaurant served your everyday American food. The person whom I interviewed started as an assistant manager at the young age of 27. He has been a manager for the restaurant for the past 7 years. I considered him a Functional Manager because of the definition in the book, i. e. He supervises the work of employees whom engages in different specialties, such as waiters/waitress, kitchen help, accounting, and quality control. But in the same realm he is considered a General Manager because he oversees the operations, helps in solving problems, spotting problems before they occur and insuring the safety of all employees and customers. He decided to become a manager because he felt that he could motivate people, and help them realize their potential. He decided to become a restaurant manager because he enjoyed being around food and that type of fast pace environment. When interviewing this person it became very evident that he is an effective manger because he possesses many key managerial skills. If a manager wants to prevent her employees from quitting she must keep them happy and in order to do that she must focus on what the employee wants. Combining my personal experience with the data that I researched, I have written this report on the two most important standards that I feel a restaurant manager must enact to keep her employees turnover to a minimum. The two criteria that I feel a manager must follow in order to successfully retain her smiling quality employees are employee incentives and training. This report was written in five weeks using the following data: two personal interviews, online information and books. Ive had personal experience in the restaurant business for eleven years. In that time I have worked in seven different restaurants. The managers that ran these establishments had very diverse managerial styles. Their managerial styles ranged from the employees running the place to the management acting like they were the restaurant police. According to Robert Plotkin, NO ONE CAN MAKE OR (sic) break a place like the manager (2000, online). None of the different supervision tactics that I have worked under seemed to help keep employee turnover down. The majority of the individually owned restaurants that I am familiar with are run and managed by the owners themselves. As a restaurant employee I feel that servers and bartenders need more of an incentive to be employer loyal than just making tips. Cash is not enough of a motivational factor for employees to not leave one institution to work for another. Restaurants that implement incentive programs tend to have employee turnover rates that are lower than the national average. When I state incentive programs Im talking about employee health benefits, and reward strategies. Restaurants such as Chevys and Chi-Chis continually develop benefit and incentive programs, that help make their turnover rates the envy of the industry (Weinstein, 1992, online). If a supervisor offered her employees health benefits her employee retention rate would increase dramatically. Among the perks at Chi-Chis restaurant is medical insurance for part-timers who work at least 20 hours a week. A lot of part-time employees stay with us because of the medical benefits, says Talarico, vice president of training and development for Chi-Chis, Louisville, Ky (Weinstein, 1992, online). I spoke with Marc Uelmen the manager of Mongolian BBQ in Ann Arbor, Michigan and he said, because Mongolian offers our employees medical and dental we are able to keep our employees from leaving and going to work at another restaurant (Uelmen, Interview). I believe that a manager should offer health benefits to all her employees that work on average at least 20 hours a week. Of the several different establishments I have worked at in restaurant career only one of them offered employee health benefits. Employee incentives like health insurance not only keeps employee turnover down but it would also make employees more productive. More productive employees provide better customer service so it would inevitably mean more money for the business. .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .postImageUrl , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:visited , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:active { border:0!important; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:active , .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366 .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3511872ca19eb5a98aa4f7bc3e975366:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is advertising ethical Essay The real challenge we face today is not finding new people; its keeping the best ones we already have and making sure that .

Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay Essay Example

?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay Paper Brief on the OrganizationCostco is among the taking planetary retail merchants which provide clients a broad scope of ware, runing from little to well-known trade names. The company began operations in 1983. Over the old ages, Costco has been a retail merchant in low cost membership-only leader, in warehouse nine of ware. Furthermore, Costco does non offer frills warehouse concern theoretical accounts as its rivals do. Costco’s major rivals are BJ’s Wholesale Club and Sam Club ( Costco, 2010 ) . Using the tools presented in this SSP, Costco provides a elaborate analysis for transforming concern operations relative to industry challengers. This is done in order to make net incomes and attain maximal shareholder’s value. A close scrutiny of Costco’s Value concatenation suggests that the company uses a useful attack, which maximizes the benefits for all stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ?Value Chain Analysis-Costco Corporation Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Concept of Value Chain and Information Technology Impact Nowadays, competitory advantage chiefly derives itself through information engineering in concern theoretical accounts. Therefore, such supportive activities as information systems, R A ; D or general direction are normally the most of import beginning of distinction advantage. Technology inventions continue to determine Costco’s value concatenation. Through information engineering, Costco obtains strategic significance by altering the manner companies operate. The most of import construct is the value concatenation an organisation has entrenched itself in ; integrating communicating additions cooperation which leads to the productiveness procedure of linking groups that create activities toward a value system. Costco use of the smartphone applications is merely used to do personal judgements and predict purchases. Costco utilizes societal media platforms to heighten on-line shopping. The company continues to offer on-line shopping to its members. However, customer’s privateness is at hazard utilizing the smartphone information, and the corporation acknowledges this job to their members ( Costco, 2010 ) . In add-on to this menace, smartphones diminish the usage of hard currency. Organization’s Value Chain Analysis Value Chain analysis evaluates each measure concern goes through from origin to conclusiveness. The end is to maximise the value for the entire cost. Costco’s mission is to supply their members with choice goods and services at the lowest possible monetary values. The company’s mission, values and schemes suggest Costco uses a wide endeavor scheme which fits in the social model. To guarantee employee motive, Costco offers them a alone feast of benefits. This include ; paying wellness benefits for them, 50 % higher pay, employee keeping of over 90 per centum, and keeping employees even during recession periods ( Costco, 2010 ) . The Company’s strength is its primary value ironss which split into two distinguishable maps: Demand fulfillment and Demand coevals. Demand fulfilment includes input logistics, operations, and end product logistics. Demand coevals involves gross revenues, selling, and service section which breaks down into sub-tiers. Costco’s support activities include HRM, engineering development, house substructure and procurance. Costco’s failings are hard to nail ; one failing is relentless low operating net income borders. Bigger net incomes can happen by non paying employee benefits and with demanding higher returns from their providers. The job would be at what cost? Costco receives cost advantages from value adding major ( trade name points ) activities. However, it continues to see a challenge from Sam Club and BJ’s Warehouse, besides have a rank fee to shop for great trades ( Mascarenhas, 2004 ) . Linkages and Value System Mr. Porter introduced the generic value concatenation theoretical account in 1985. Value concatenation represents all the internal activities a house engages in to bring forth goods and services. VC is formed chiefly of activities that add value to the concluding merchandise straight and back up activities that add value indirectly ( Value Chain analysis, 2013 ) . Harmonizing to Porter and Millar, ( 1985, p. 154 ) several factors needed in analysing how information engineering might works for your organisation. By placing and ranking the ways in which information engineering creates a competitory advantage, it determine the function of information engineering in the concern construction, and the impact it has on the concern universe. Mentions Costco ( 2010 ) . Why Become a Member.Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.costco.com/membership-information.html Finne, S. ( 2008 ) . The retail value concatenation: How to derive competitory advantage through Efficient Consumer Response ( ECR ) schemes. Kogan PagePublishers. Gilmartin, B. ( 2014 ) . Costco Earnings Preview: Superb Execution, Perennially Overvalued Mascarenhas, O. ( 2004 ) . Customer value-chain engagement for co-creating client delectation. Journal of consumer selling, 21 ( 7 ) , 486-496. Porter, M. E. , A ; Millar, V. E. ( 1985 ) . How information gives you competitory advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63 ( 4 ) , 149-160 Williamson, G. ( 2014 ) . A Simple but Powerful Strategy That Can Lead To Multibaggers. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dailyfinance.com/2014/03/04/play-follow-the-leader Value Chain Analysis | Strategic Management Insight. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html

Persuasive Essay Samples - How to Write a Persuasive Essay

Persuasive Essay Samples - How to Write a Persuasive EssayOne of the most important parts of writing a persuasive essay is being able to generate maximum attention and interest from the reader. Since our age and the modern society constantly strives for the entertainment, it becomes harder to write a persuasive essay that arouse their interest. Most often than not, they end up being annoyed and bored because they simply do not get what is being argued in the essay.Here are a number of persuasive essay samples that can help you in writing that perfect argument and give you that proper boost in your essay. The most important thing that will affect the way a reader reads a persuasive essay is whether or not you make them think. In order to do this, you need to engage them. But how can you do this?One of the best ways to engage your reader is to write about a number of different topics. Although it may be possible to focus on one issue, it will not serve you any good if you just focus on one or two topics. If you are writing an essay about writing an online business plan, then focus on three or four different subjects that relate to the topic.Instead of focusing on one, choose an interesting topic to start with. One such topic is 'how to write a persuasive essay'. Since there are many such topics, pick one that you can write on and that your reader would enjoy reading. After all, they are not here to learn something from your writing, but to simply be entertained.It is also important to select the right level of interest. For example, if you are writing an essay about choosing a sport for your child, then you may want to focus on some other interesting topic like 'how to play the piano.' Of course, to make your readers more interested, you should use colorful language and use jargon in your writing.However, when it comes to the quality of your writing, do not go overboard. As a writer, your objective is to write an essay, not a novel. And in order to write a persua sive essay, you should never have to resort to using the entire vocabulary in the English language. You should stick to using the basics of the language, such as 'said,' 'said'said.'Another way to write persuasive essays is to select those persuasive essay samples that are based on particular topics. For example, if you want to write an essay about using the internet to grow your business, then a number of persuasive essay samples that focus on the uses of the internet for this purpose will help you.

Goldman Sachs Essays

Goldman Sachs Essays Goldman Sachs Essay Goldman Sachs Essay The Goldman Abacus Fund: Ethics You Can Count On Or Ethics That Don’t Add Up Set Up Imagine a physician is on the golf course with one of his colleagues, who happens to be a cardiologist. Somewhere on the back nine the cardiologist begins to tell the physician about one of his patients, a 52 year old man with blood pressure of 145/99, who is 40 lbs. overweight, chain smokes, and enjoys 7 to 8 martinis a day. In spite of medications, in the words of the cardiologist, the patient is â€Å"a ticking time bomb. The first physician asks for his friend’s patient’s personal information, and after the golf game, goes to see his State farm agent, where he takes out a 1 million dollar life insurance policy on the ‘time bomb† guy. Are the actions of the physician ethical? Taking out such a policy is of course illegal, as the doctor does not have what is known as an insurable interest. But assuming the doctor took no steps to encourage th e man’s death, under the theory of rational egoism his actions would be justified. Furthermore, as macabre as the doctor might seem in betting on the death of another human being, Sternberg would consider his actions to be within the realm of ordinary decency. In 2007, amid historic economic development, a scenario emerged similar to the one just described. Although the players and events were quite different, the same philosophical question was raised: is it ethical to benefit from someone else’s demise. Living in a society riddled with envy and resentment, many onlookers thought so. Two parties in particular did not. They were John Paulson Co. , a hedge fund company established in 1994, and Goldman Sachs Co. a global investment banking and securities firm founded in 1869. The Events The story has its beginnings in 2005 when 49 year old Paulson, a man with a Wall Street reputation of mediocrity, hired an out of work analyst, Paolo Pellegrini. Pellegrini’s job was to crunch numbers on a befuddling trend which â€Å"everyone† seemed to be maki ng money on except Paulson (Zuckerman). After a year’s worth of late nights, Pellegrini determined that not only were housing prices soaring independently of interest rates and well beyond the pace of inflation, but that when the bubble did pop, it would send home prices down more than 40%. : When Pellegrini showed his charts and figures, Paulson couldn’t believe his eyes. Finally the housing market boom made sense to him. What also made sense to him was the market’s inevitable crash. Paulson had to find a way to make money on this prediction. Initially Paulson and Co. bought large lots of credit default swaps, which in effect were insurance policies against â€Å"risky† subprime mortgage debt (Zuckerman). Paulson was paying up to an 8% premium to guarantee against the default of mortgages he didn’t even own. Paulson and Co. spent months accumulating these mortgage insurance policies before deciding that the process was too slow. Paulson needed another way to short the housing market, preferably one with great leverage. A collateralized debt obligation seemed to be the perfect means to Paulson’s desired end. To understand how Paulson was able to make a $15 billion profit on his market prediction, a closer look at the 3 main financial instruments used is needed. Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS), Collateralized Debt Obligations, and Credit Default Swaps are all financial instruments used by both commercial and investment banks. RBMSs are bonds which are backed by a pool of residential mortgages. These bonds have different ratings based on the default risk of the varied prime and subprime mortgages. Even though the initiating bank may continue to service the loan to the homeowner, the mortgage itself will likely end up being sold again and again, often being pooled as an asset base to compose a RMBS. Collateralized Debt Obligations are securities collateralized by debt. Basically, a CDO is where a financial institution bundles a bunch of debt and sells it as a package to other financial institutions (Stephen D. Simpson). CDOs commonly take RMBSs a step further by packaging a series of them into one portfolio. The CDO collects cash from the pool of bonds it contains, and from this cash, distributes interest and principle payments to the CDO’s investors. If the underlying securities fail (as in the case of a defaulted subprime mortgage), the investors lose the money they put into the CDO. In the case of the Goldman Sachs Abacus deal, rather than a cash-based CDO, a synthetic CDO was packaged. A synthetic CDO differs from a CDO in that it does not own the underlying asset (portfolio of bonds). Instead it uses credit default swaps to mimic the risk associated with the assets (bonds) listed in the portfolio. A credit default swap is a means to achieve risk transfer from the bond holder to another party. When a bond holder buys a CDS, he is buying insurance against the bond defaulting, by paying a series of premiums to the CDS seller. In the event of default, the CDS seller must compensate the bond holder with the face value of the bond. Back in 2006, these vehicles were viewed as free money. Many economists and banking institutions believed the U. S. had reached a period of indefinite, sustained growth, meaning the likelihood of mortgage default, even at the subprime level, was low. The top banks, with presumably the most savvy, sophisticated money managers in the world, took advantage of this by heavily participating in these high leverage instruments. In 2005, senior traders from Bear Sterns to Goldman Sachs shared the sentiment that the housing market was solid and in no danger of collapse. By December of 2006 however, though not going public with its stance, Goldman decidedly turned bearish on the mortgage industry. Early in 2007, Paulson approach Goldman requesting that they structure a CDO with (allegedly) the inclusion of 123 hand-picked RBMSs which Paulson believed to be most likely to default (Quinn). He also asked Goldman to help him find another party who would take the other side of his desired market position. Goldman agreed, was paid $15m in fees by Paulson and Co. , and Abacus was born. Goldman assigned 29 year old a junior bond trader named Fabrice Tourre with managing and promoting Abacus to investors. Tourre approached IKB Deutsche Industriebank, who expressed interest only if a third party choose the RMBS. As such, Goldman enlisted ACA management to choose the RMBS which would compose Abacus. At this point, Tourre allegedly led ACA to believe that Paulson was going to invest $200M into Abacus. Thinking this, ACA also directly invested $42m into Abacus and took on the role of insuring $909M worth of credit default swaps; (unknown to ACA, Paulson was on the other side). With a third party (ACA) now selecting the RMBS, Tourre convinced IKB to invest $150M into Abacus. Ultimately these were the events which led the SEC to file charges against Goldman on April 16, 2010. The Outcome A year after Abacus was assembled and marketed, Paulson’s prediction came true. 99% of the CDO had been downgraded, rocketing the value of the credit default swaps he bought. John Paulson netted $1bn. n what Gregory Zuckerman of the Wall Street Journal would call â€Å"the perfect trade. † IKB lost nearly its entire investment of $150M. ACA Management lost $841M. When the dust settled, eyebrows were raised and eventually charges were filed. Goldman was charged with fraud in structuring and marketing of a CDO which was secretly intended to fail. The fraud charge alleged that Goldman allo wed Paulson to strongly influence ACA in selecting the RMBS which would make up Abacus. The charge also alleges that ACA was deceived to think that Paulson had an interest in the CDO’s success rather than failure. Paulson was not charged and has maintained that ACA â€Å"had sole authority over the selection of RMBS in the CDO (Quinn). The Facts ACA Management was both the portfolio selector and the largest investor to Abacus. Owned by one of the largest banks in Europe, ABN Amro, ACA management specialized in CDOs and portfolio selection. Put another way, they knew exactly what they were getting into, they just happened to be wrong. Paulson had been unsuccessfully â€Å"betting against† the housing markets since 2005. During 2006-2007 insurance against defaulting mortgages (CDS) became extremely cheap. During the period, many banks were selling CDS to collect what they saw as low risk insurance premiums. ACA was to collect $1,545,300 in premiums per year through insuring Abacus. Paulson’s role in Abacus was not made clear to investors, but the anonymity he maintained is both legal and commonplace on Wall Street. All the players at the table were among the most sophisticated banking institutions in the world, which could not be better equipped with experts to perform the due diligence of investigating a prospective investment. Ethical Analysis In a 2009 Rolling Stone article, Matt Taibbi accused Goldman Sachs of being â€Å"a great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity,† Goldman he states, was the cause of the housing bubble through creation and use of financial instruments such as CDOs and CDSs (TAIBBI). The dramatic description hardly instills an image of ethical behavior. But is it true? Taibbi has it backwards. The Housing and Community Development Acts of 1974, 1982, and 1987 had been making mortgages easier to obtain long before the 1994 invention of Credit Default Swaps, (although the first CDO was issued by Drexel Burnham Lambert in 1987) (Frej). It is because we live in a society where there exists too much envy and resentment that media figures such as Matt Taibbi point the finger at those who succeed, and scream â€Å"hey, that’s not fair! † When people defaulted on their home mortgages, it was not because of Paulson or anyone else making money. It was because of their own greed and desire. People acted like children giving in to the impulse to grab the â€Å"shiny object† i. e. large mortgage, when in fact it was their responsibility to perform due diligence and conclude whether or not such mortgages were financially feasible. Was it unethical for Goldman/Paulson to benefit by means of others’ demise? Just as in the opening example of the patient who was certain to die, so too were historical numbers of mortgages destined for foreclosure. And while wealth creation is not a zero sum game, equity trading often is; every buyer needs a seller. ACA management and IKB were trying to profit by knowingly taking risks. They lost. For Goldman and John Paulson, it was â€Å"just business. † There were no intentions beyond profit maximizing, nor did they act in any unfair or unethical way. Goldman and Paulson did their best to maximize the long term value for their investors in a business designed around risk. In the end it was Paulson and Company’s countless hours of research and study which led them to the decisions they made. Had anyone else done the same, they likely would have gained similar compensation. This would be in line with Sternberg’s principle of distributive justice. Conclusion There has been recent talk from the likes of Warren Buffet to Barack Obama about the evils of complex financial instruments. They say CDOs and CSOs should be banned or at least controlled with more regulation. This is a much too simple solution to the problem of financial responsibility. If CDOs and CSOs get banned, another instrument with the same potential effect (good or bad), will be right around the corner. Living in a period of record government hand-outs, it is no wonder people think everything either is free or obtainable with minimal effort i. e. mortgages. Financial responsibility must be taught at an early age, whether at home or at school. The path away from any future financial crisis will be seen when people have an understanding of money and make gains through distributive justice.

The Triple Threat of Sures

The Triple Threat of Sures The Triple Threat of Sures The Triple Threat of Sures By Maeve Maddox Brad Stolzer wonders about ensure and insure: Am I the only one who struggles with these? Not at all. And while we’re at ensure/insure, let’s throw in assure. All three words are close in origin and meaning. Both assure and ensure came into English in the late 1300s, assure from Old French asseurer, â€Å"to reassure, calm, protect, to render sure, and ensure from Anglo-French enseurer, â€Å"to make sure.† The word insure appeared about 1440 as a variant of ensure. It took on the sense of â€Å"to make safe against loss by payment of premiums† in 1635. Before that, assure had that meaning. In modern usage, insure has won out as the word that has to do with compensation for financial loss. The violinist insured his hands with Lloyd’s. This use of insure applies on both sides of the Atlantic. The confusion that arises with insure vs ensure stems mainly from another definition: â€Å"to make certain that (something) will occur.† For example: We wish to ensure the safety of our passengers. Some speakers of American English would use the spelling â€Å"insure† in this context, but others might, like speakers of British English, write â€Å"ensure.† The AP Stylebook offers these guidelines: Use ensure to mean guarantee: Steps were taken to ensure accuracy. Use insure for references to insurance: The policy insures his life. According to the Chicago Manual of Style, â€Å"we ensure events and insure things. But we assure people that their concerns are being addressed.† Sources: The Associated Press Stylebook The Chicago Manual of Style The Online Etymology Dictionary The Oxford English Dictionary The Penguin Writer’s Manual Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with16 Misquoted QuotationsHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Essay Example The tearing of the ACL usually occurs due to a sudden direction change, or when a deceleration force crosses the knee. "The patient often feels or hears a popping sensation, has the rapid onset of swelling, and develops a buckling sensation in the knee when attempting to change direction." (The Center for Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, 2003).In order to properly diagnose an ACL injury, there must be a thorough examination, which would include: determining the mechanism of injury, examining the knee, determining the presence or absence of blood within the joint, and performing diagnostic studies. Once a tear of the ACL has been confirmed through clinical evaluation and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), the unstable knee can now be repaired. "This is only possible if the ACL is of good quality and if the ligament can be passed posterior to the PCL, both of which are determined in surgeryacutely (recently) torn ligaments are typically of better quality and therefore have a greater chan ce of being repaired as opposed to the chronically torn ligaments." (Stone, Walgenbach, and Mullin, n.d.).There are many methods which are used to reconstruct an ACL, the most common one of which in the past some have referred to as the 'Gold Standard'.

Marketing plan Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing plan - Research Proposal Example While the direct customers are mothers and mothers to be the target retailers are Mothercare, Sainsburys or any retailer that stocks baby products. The aim of this project report is to create a market plan for the project report and structure applications, promotions price and distribution of this product. "The current baby bottle market in the United States is estimated at $154 million. Of this amount, reusable baby bottles hold 55.2 percent, $80 million of the market, while the remaining 48 percent is held by disposables. Disposables are defined as baby bottles that are designed for bottle liners and the liners are discarded after each use. The disposable market had grown to a peak of 53 percent of the baby bottle market in the United States, but had shown a steady decline as a percent of the total market over recent years. The average customer for a baby bottle product is a female in her late twenties who is, or will be again, employed outside the home. Because the majority of customers of baby bottles work outside the home, time and convenience is heating bottle accurately are of the essence" After peaking at a post-baby-boom of 4.16 million in 1990, the number of births in the United States is expected to stabilize at approximately 4 million and remain at that level through the turn of the century. The current baby bottle market in the United States is approximately $154 million, or 73 million units a year. Currently, reusable bottles constitute 52 percent of the baby bottle market, or 38.6 million units a year. Reusable bottles have increased their market share over disposable bottles by an average of 2 percent a year over the last years. The trend of reusable bottles capturing a larger share of the baby bottle market is expected to continue over the net several years.i Competition and Competitive Advantages Although there are several major competitors in the baby bottle industry, none of these are currently marketing a product that indicators the temperature of the liquid in the bottle. Researching the Marketplace Before embarking on the path to retail sales, companies should fully understand the consumer market and how their product might fit into it. That is true for the rainbow bottle as well Differentiation. "If the product category already exists on retail shelves, then the new product should be differentiated from existing competition. A me-too product is unlikely to unseat established brands already selling well. However, if the me-too product has a price advantage, there is an opportunity to displace an established product. Increasingly, private labeling for the retail store is an available option."ii Successful companies seek to differentiate their product by giving it features that are desired by consumers. Also, they make sure that consumers are willing to pay any resulting difference in price. In retail sales, conducting research among potential consumers of a product is necessary for understanding the marketplace and ensuring success. There is a clear cut differentiation with the Rainbow Bottle. It is different from the other baby bottles and satisfies a genuine need for mothers New Product Category If a company seeks to market a new product that is not in an established retail category, its need to conduct market research is even greater. The company

Monte Carlo Simulation of Transmission Experiement

Monte Carlo Simulation of Transmission Experiement Fluid Densitometer Design based on Transmission and Scattering Gamma Ray Method using Monte Carlo Approach R.Wirawan, M. Djamal, A.Waris, G. Handayani,  H.J. Kim Abstract. Non-destructive testing is one method in the material testing that was applied and developed for many purposes in the industrial field. Gamma spectrometer is a one method that can be applied for the fluid densitometer. It was studied the potential of the use of transmission and scattering gamma ray measurements in order to evaluate the fluid density using GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. Keywords: Non-destructive testing, scattering gamma, Monte Carlo, GEANT4. PACS: 29.40.-n Introduction Gamma-ray spectrum measurement is one of promising developing method in the non-destructive test application especially for an online measurement. It’s applicable for many industrial applications such as in medical, mining and oil industry, homeland security. The quality of the material can be differentiating from another one based on its density. In the application of gamma spectrometry, it’s influence the gamma ray energies spectrum detection result. Ball et al. (1998) have investigated the response of gamma backscatter to the spatial density in bulk sample [1]. In the fluid product analysis especially for the oil product density measurement, it’s a promising method for a densitometer. Hussein (2011) has developed investigation of the fluid flow in the pipe using gamma spectrometry [2]. Khorsandi and Feghhi have analyzed the transmission mode in densitometer application for the petroleum products monitoring applications [3]. The combination of transmission and scattering measurement modes are good approaching for a better analysis method in the detector response measurement due to the fluid density inside the pipe. For this purpose, simulation using Monte Carlo method can be conducted. Monte Carlo methods have capabilities in the implementation of the several of physics models and give the predicting result in the radiation physics application [4, 5]. In the present study we investigated the potential of the combination of these measurements using the Monte Carlo radiation transport from GEANT4 simulation toolkit. Theory Gamma ray energy spectrum characteristic that detected from its interaction with the material have information to identify the material characteristics involved. In the gamma ray spectrum measurement, there are two kinds of measurement type i.e. transmission and scattering. In the transmission, the gamma ray beams have an attenuated intensity because of energy absorption by material. The mass attenuation coefficient à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­ of photon is a function of photon energy. The attenuated intensity was described by the Beer–Lambert formula: (1) where I0 incident gamma rays intensities, x is material absorption thickness, is mass absorption coeficient and its proportional to the total cross-section as follows , NA is the Avogadro’s number (6.021023 atom/mole) and A is atomic mass number of material[8]. For the scattering measurement, the detected photon beam is the result of deflecting with an electrons material. Scattering interactions that may occur is the single scattering or multiple scattering.The photon beam intensity has attenuation in the path before the scattering point interaction and in the path to the detector after the scattering point interaction. Figure 1 shows the single scattering interaction of photon with an element volume dV. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of photon single scattering interaction with an element volume in the material (adopted from Devlin and Taylor) [9]. According to the Compton scattering interaction, the photon with an energy Eà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ § will be deflected with scattering angles à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± to the origin direction after collision with an atomic electron. The scattered photon energy (EScatt) is expressed by the formula: (2) The intensity of detected gamma photon are influence of attenuation along primary photon, number of electron in element volume, differential cross-section, attenuation of scattered photon path and the solid angle subtended by detector at the element volume. For the single scattering interaction, the intensity of detected photon as depicted in the formula: (3) where S is the source activity (photon s-1), dV is element volume interaction, n is the electron density of the material, r1 and r2 are the length path of the primary photon before interaction and after scattering respectively. The density à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ² of the material is related to the electron density by (4) where NA is the Avogadro number, Z is the atomic number and M is the atomic mass. For the Compton interaction probabilities of the photon beam when it interact with an electron of the material was describe in differential form by Klein-Nishina formula, (5) where r0 is clasical electron radius (2,82 fm) and P parameter as function of incident photon energy and scattering angles à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ± as the formula (6) where constant [1,8]. Using the equation (4) and (5) to substitute parameter n and in the equation (3), we have the relation of intensity with the material density: (7) Solution of the equation (7) can be expressed in the simple form: (8) where A and B are constant. Method The simulation setup was developed based on the transmission configuration which conducted experimentally done by Khorsandi [3]. Four detectors are placed in two type positions where two detectors in the same side with source and two others in the opposite site as shown in Figure 2. The spatial distance between two detector d10 and d30 from the collimated source axis are about axis 27.5cm. For detector d20 is placed 20 cm far away from detector d10. Polyethylene pipe have an inner radius 5cm and thickness it’s about 2mm. Fluids under investigation inside the pipe (i.e. gasoline, gasoil and water) are assumed to be of uniform densityà ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ². A disk gamma ray source model is used for Cs-137 source is collimated by the cylinder shielding lead with 5cm thickness. The 3in. x 3in. NaI(Tl) detector model reconstruction in the simulation is adopted from references [6, 7]. Simulation based on GEANT4 Penelope Monte Carlo using 5.0 x 107 of the gamma source beamon. Figure 2 Schematic visualization of GEANT4 simulation for the transmission and scattering measurements setup. Result and Discussion To examine the response function of transmission and scattering measurement, firstly we need to consider the setup designed for the detector construction according to the c gamma source energy spectrum. The Cesium 137 source was placed in front of the Pb collimated NaI(Tl) 3 in. x 3 in. scintillation detector. Figure 3 shows the detector response function spectrum of GEANT4 simulation result comparing to the measurement result of the 15uCi gamma source. There are a good agreement for photopeak energy between the simulation result and the experiment result. Figure 3 Response function of Cs137 15uCi gamma source for 3 in. x 3 in NaI(Tl) detector. Based on detector construction setup, then we analyzes the detector response function of transmission and scattering measurement. Figure 4 shows the response function result of detector that placed in the four different positions for three different type of density fluid i.e. gasoline, gasoil and water. Figure 4 Response function of detector NaI(Tl) 3in. x 3in. from GEANT4 simulation of four different detector positions for gasoline, gasoil and water fluids in pipe. In the all energy spectrum distribution above, density of fluid matter give an effect to the gamma energies spectrum. The gasoline has a lower density number, but it shows a higher intensity (number of events) of gamma ray energy detected compare to the gasoil and water. The increased density of fluid will increased the number of electrons at the scattering point interaction, attenuation of primary and scattered photons. So, it’s give an effect to the decreasing intensity or peak energy spectrum that detected by the detector. For transmission mode as shown at d0 detector position, the main peak of Cesium 137 gamma source is in the 0.662 MeV. The normalize peak intensity shows that the GEANT4 simulations result have a good agreement to the Khorsandi (2011) experiment result as shown in Figure 5. This result shows that the model can be used for predicting the fluid densitometer experiment. Figure 5 Normalize intensity curve of transmission mode (d0 detector position) from simulation and experiment results. Here in the Figure 6(a), we have the same trends that the decreasing of the photopeak height due to the fluids density increase. Figure 6 Gaussian height curves of photopeak at four different detector positions. Based on the intensity as density function equation (8), the proposed constant A and B for the curve fit in the Figure 6(a) are depicted in Table 1. Table 1. Curve fitting constant Based on the B constant of the four normalize count rates curves, d20 detector position have a higher decreasing slope than the others. In other side, the number of entry photon to the detector d20 position is too small, so for this configuration its need the higher activity source. Conclusions In this study, a Monte Carlo simulation of transmission and scattering measurements of gamma ray for the fluid densitometer was carried out using GEANT4. Due to an increase in the fluid density in the pipe, the peak heights of detected gamma ray intensity have decreased. The simulations for the gamma ray transmission investigation were conducted according to the experiment setup give the best fit curve result. Acknowledgments The author acknowledges the financial support of Directorate General of Indonesian Higher Education through the Sandwich-Like (PKPI) Program 2013. Refference [1] A.J. Ball, C.J. Solomon, J.C. Zarnecki, The response of gamma backscatter density gauges to spatial inhomogeneity An extension of the single scattering model, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 140 (1998) 449-462. [2] Nagy M. Hussein, Investigation of Fluid Flow using Gamma Spectroscopy, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 80 2011 1169-1174. [3] M. Khorsandi, S.A.H. Feghhi, Design and reconstruction of a prototype gamma-ray densitometer for petroleum products monitoring applications, Measurement 44 (2011) 1512-1515. [4] U.A. Tarim, E.N. Ozmutlu, O. Gurler, S. Yalcin, The Effect of the Housing Material on NaI(Tl) detector response function, J. Radioanalytical and Nucl. Chem. DOI 10.1007/s10967-012-1716-z (2012) 1-5. [5] A.F. Bielajew, Fundamentals of the Monte Carlo method for neutral and charged particle transport, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, The University of Michigan, 2001, pp.1-10. [6] Hu-Xia Shi, Bo-Xian Chen, Ti-Zhu Li, Di Yun: Precise Monte Carlo simulation of gamma-ray response functions for an NaI(Tl) detector, Applied Radiation and Isotopes 57 (2002) 517–524. [7] Abd-Elzaher, M., Badawi, M. S, El-Khatib, A. and Thabet, A. A.: Determination of Full Energy Peak Efficiency of NaI(Tl) Detector Depending on Efficiency Transfer Principle for Conversion From Experimental Values, World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, (2012), pp. 65-72. [8] Knoll, G.F., Radiation Detection and Measurement (Second Edition), Wiley and Sons, New York, 1989. [9] G. Devlin, D. Taylor: The Spatial Response Pattern of Gamma Backscatter Density Gauges, Journal of Soil Sciences Vol. 21 No. 2 (1970), pp. 297-303.