Nursing and midwifery council Essay

Malnutrition can be defined as a serious condition that occurs when a person does not include the right amount of nutrients in their diet such as water, protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in their diet (NICE, 2012). This can lead to serious adverse circumstances where one can become malnourished. Kirch (2008) also stresses that malnutrition can also arise as a result of disease. The rational for the chosen topic ‘malnutrition in elderly patients, was based on being one of the largest contributors to elderly mortality in health care. In support Sinclain (2011) states that up to 15% of elderly in the community, 62% of hospitalised patients and 85% of nursing home residents suffer from malnutrition which is a strong independent predictor of mortality in elderly. Evidence based practice in nursing is finding solid research and applying them in nursing practices, in order to promote quality of care given to patient’s. Furthermore Baker (2013) states that it i s a process which involves the use of evaluation, research process, problem solving, assessment of care, decision making and requires the patients involvement. Evidence based practice is important in clinical settings having the potential to improve the of care patient, implemented to improve recovery. The nursing and midwifery council (NMC 2008) recommended that all nurses must have the ability to critique and use evidence based practice. Developing a framework for critiquing health research (Caldwell et al, 2005) will be used as an appraisal method to critique the 3 empirical research articles. This was chosen by the writer because the authors made it clear, straightforward, easy and precise to use in critiquing academic research papers, both qualitative and quantitative using tables, numbers, keywords subheadings, guidelines and relevant websites. It was also discussed that this assists the ‘novice’ nursing student and health-related research with learning about the two approaches to research by giving consideration to aspects of the research process that are common to both methodologies approach and different stages of crit iquing them. Boud et al (1985) articulate reflection as a act in which an individual examines their experiences, beliefs, values behaviour and knowledge that leads to a new understanding and appreciation of a situation which prompted the reflective process. Yun, (2008) emphasise reflection is an active and intentional process that uses thinking in order to learn from experience. We reflect in order to learn from current or future experiences  aiding us in improving academic skills in theory and in practical, the ethics of reflection contain information such as asking questions or reflecting on what actually happened, looking at the skills that were used to deal with the situation, examine the negative and positives looking into what feelings arose from the experiences, what could have be done and what can be done better in the future. As nurses we need to reflect on our own practice to enhance the care given to patients. Rolfe et al model (2001) Cycle has been chosen to support writer reflection and this was chosen because it is a simple model which raises the following questions what, so what and now what in order to reflect effectively and improve the quality of care given to patients stimulating both personal and professional growth. In nursing practice we need to plan and leave time in order to reflect on the care delivered to patients. Following this we need to reveal the service given has confidentiality, privacy and dignity and this is being maintained, check if the patient treated is being fairly and with respect, if the nurses communicate with the patients in ways they understand. All these collective questions need to be in place when caring for patients in order to support reflection and deliver a good standard of care. Elder, Evans and Nizette (2012) states reflection allows nurses to examine both thei r practice and the accompanying cognitions and effective meanings in relation to values, biases and knowledge and in relation to the context in which the situation occurred.

Homework

Assigment 1: Foundations: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 1. 1 A 47. 3-mL sample of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has a mass of 37. 32 g. What is its density? 1. 2 If 116 g of ethanol is needed for a chemical reaction, what volume of liquid would you use? The density of ethanol is 0. 789 g/mL 1. 3 Battery acid is 40. 0% sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and 60. 0% water by mass. Its density is 1. 31. Calculate the mass of pure H2SO4 in 100. 0 mL of battery acid. 1. 4 How many moles of atoms does 136. 9 g of iron metal contain? 1. 5 A stack of 500 sheets of typing paper is 1. inches thick. Calculate the thickness, in inches and in miles, of a stack of typing paper that contains one mole (Avogadro’s number) of sheets (1 inch = 2. 54 cm) 1. 6 Compounds containing sulfur and oxygen are serious air pollutants; they represent the major cause of acid rain. Analysis of a sample of a pure compound reveals that it contains 50. 1% sul- fur and 49. 9% oxygen by mass. What is the simplest formula of the compound ? 1. 7 A 20. 882-gram sample of an ionic compound is found to contain 6. 072 grams of Na, 8. 474 grams of S, and 6. 336 grams of O. What is its simplest formula? 1. 8 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon. A 0. 1647-gram sample of a pure hydrocarbon was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 4931 gram of CO2 and 0. 2691 gram of H2O. Determine the masses of C and H in the sample and the percentages of these elements in this hydrocarbon. 1. 9 A 0. 1014-g sample of purified glucose was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 1486 g of CO and 0. 0609 g of H2O. An elemental analysis showed that glucose contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Determine the masses of C, H, and O in the sample and the percentages of these elements in glucose. 1. 10 Phosphorus, P4, burns with excess oxygen to form tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10. In this reaction, what mass of P4 reacts with 1. 50 moles of O2? 1. 11 What mass of CO2 could be formed by the reaction of 16. 0 g of CH4 with 48. 0 g of O2? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com 1. 12 What is the maximum mass of Ni(OH)2 that could be prepared by mixing two solutions that contain 25. g of NiCl2 and 10. 0 g of NaOH, respectively? NiCl2 + NaOH — > Ni(OH)2 + NaCl 1. 13 A 15. 6-gram sample of C6H6 is mixed with excess HNO3. We isolate 18. 0 grams of C6H5NO2. What is the percent yield of C6H5NO2 in this reaction? 1. 14 Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a very important compound used to make fertilizers. It is also pres- ent in cola drinks. H3PO4 can be prepared in a two-step process. Rxn 1: P4 +O2 — > P4O10 Rxn 2: P4 O10 +H2O — > H3PO4 We allow 272 grams of phosphorus to react with excess oxygen, which forms tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10, in 89. % yield. In the second step reaction, a 96. 8% yield of H3PO4 is obtained. What mass of H3PO4 is obtained? 1. 15 2. 00 grams of ammonium sulfate was dissolved in distilled water and made up to 250 mL in a volumetric flask. A 25. 0 mL portion of this solution was boiled with 50. 0 mL of 0. 100 M sodium hydroxide solution until no more ammonia gas was evolved. Then excess sodium hydroxide in the resulting solution required for neutralization, 24. 30 mL of HCl 0. 100M. Calculate the percentage purity of the sample. 1. 16 Write the correct formulae/ions for: Potassium sulfite:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dinitrogen pentoxide:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Nitrorous acid: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sodium hyperchlorite†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chloric acid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hydride ion:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Coprous ions: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mercuric ion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 17 In acidic solution, dichromate ion will oxidize ferrous ion to ferric ion and form chromate (III) ion. What volume of 0. 100 M dichromate ion is required to oxidize 60. 0 mL of 0. 250 M of ferrous ion? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com Homework Lesson 1 asdf jkl ; asdf ; jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf ; jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf ; jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf jkl ; asdf ; jkl ; asdf jkl ; fff jjj fff jjj fff jjj ff jj ff jj f j fff jjj fff jjj fff jjj ff jj ff jj f j ddd kkk ddd kkk ddd kkk dd kk dd kk d k ddd kkk ddd kkk ddd kkk dd kk dd kk d k sss lll sss lll sss lll ss ll ss ll s l sss lll sss lll sss lll ss ll ss ll s l aaa ;;; aaa ;;; aaa ;;; aa ;; aa ;; a ; aaa ;;; aaa ;;; aaa ;;; aa ;; aa ;; a ; ff jj dd kk ss ll aa ;; f j d k s l a ; ff jj dd kk ss ll aa ;; f j d k s l a ; sad sad fad fad ask ask lad lad dad dad s; as; fall fall alas alas flask flask aaa ddd sad sad aaa sss lll lll all all aaa ddd sad sad aaa sss lll lll all all aaa sss ;;; as; as; ddd aaa ddd dad dad aaa sss ;;; as; as; ddd aaa ddd dad dad f fl fla flas flask ; l la las lass lass f fl fla flas flask; l la las lass lass f fa fal fall falls; a al ala alas alas f fa fal fall falls; a al ala alas alas Lesson 2 Ff jj dd kk ss ll aa ;; f j d k s l a ; Adds adds fads fads asks asks lads lads Jjj jhj jhj hjh jhj jjj jhj jhj hjh jhj Jhj ash ash jhj had has jhj had had jhj Jhj ash ash jhj has has jhj had had jhj Jhj a lass has ; adds a half ; a lad had ;Has a slash ; half a sash dad shall dash Ddd ded ded ede ded ddd ded ded ede ded Ded lef lef ded she she ded he ; ded he ; Ded he lef; she fell ; he slashes sales; He sees sheds ahead; she sealed a lease Ll lol lol olo lol lll lol lol olo lol Lol odd odd lol hoe hoe lol fo foe lol Load sod ; hold a foe ; old oak hoes ; lol She sold odd hooks ; he folded old hoses Ddd ded ede ded ddd ded ded ede ded Lll lol lol olo lol lll lol lol olo lol Jjj jhj jh jhjh jhj jjj jhj jhj jhj hjh jhj She has old jokes ; he has a half a salad ; Heed jade hoof elf; hash folk head hole Seed lake look jell sas hold dead halfHeed heed feed feed deed deed seed seed Jade jade fade fade fake fake lake lake Hoof hoof hood hood hook hook hook look look Elf ; elf ; self self sell sell jell jell Hash hash lash lash dash dash sash sash Folk folk fold fold sold sold hold hold Head head heal heal deal deal dead dead Hole hole hale hale hall hall half half Asdf jkl ; heo asdf jkl l heo asdf jkl ; Jade jade fake fake held held lose lose Jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj Jmj mom mom jmj mad mad jmj ham ham jmj Jmj make a kam l fold a hem l less flame ; Messes make some moms mad ; half a dome ; Fff frf frf rfr frf fff frf frf rfr frfFrf far far frf for for frf err err frf frf more rooms ; for hrt mstkd ; from me He reads ahead l more are far ajar Kkk kik kik iki kik kkk kik kik kik iki kik Kik dim dim kik lid lid kik rim rim kik Kik If she did ; for his risk ; old mill ; More mirrors l his middle silo is filled Jjj jmj mjm jmj jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj Fff frf frf rfr frf fff frf frf rfr frf Kkk kik kik iki kik kkk kik kik iki kik He did l his firm red desk lef is a joke Joke ride sale same roam aims sire more Jars aide dark lame foal elms hire mare Joke joke jade jade jams jams jars jars Ride ride h ide hide hide side aide aide Sale sale dale dale dare dare dark darkSame same fame fame dame dame lame lame Roam roam loam foam foam foal foal aims aims arms arms alms alms elms elms Sire sire dire dire dire dire hire hire More more mire mire mere mare mare Lesson 3 Warm-up Asdf jkl ; heo ; asdf ; jkl ; heo ; asdf jkl ; Jade jade fake fake held held lose Jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj Jmj mom mom jmj mad mad jmj ham ham jmj Jmj make a jame ; fold a hem ; less flame ; Messes make some moms mad ; halkf a dome ; Fff frf frf rfr fff frf frf rfr frf Frf farfar frf for for frfr err err frf Frf more rooms ; for her marks ; from me ; He reads ahead l more doors are far ajarKkk kik kik iki kik kkk kik kik iki kik Kik dim dim kik lid lid kik rim rim kik Kik if she did ; for his risk ; old mill ; More mirrors ; his middle silo is filled Jjj jmj mjm jmj jjj jmj jmj mjm jmj Ffffrf frf rfr frf fff frf frf rfr frf Kkk kik iki kik kkk kik kik iki kik He did ; his firm red desk lid is a jok e Joke ride sale same roam aims sire more Jars aide dark lame foal elms hire mare Joke joke jade jade jams jams jars jars ride ride hide side side aide aide Sale sale dale dale dare dare dark dark Same same fame fame dame dame lame lame Roam roam loam loam foam foam foal foal Aims aims arms arms alms alms alms elms elmsSire sire dire dire fire fire hire hire More more mire mire mere mere mare mare Lesson 4 F. More sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire elms foal lame dark aide jars More sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire elms foal lame dark aide jars More sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire elms foal lame dark aide jars More sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire els foal lame dark aide jars More sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire elms foal lame dark aide jars More aire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire els foal lame dark aide jars More sire aims roam same sale ride jokeMare hire alms foam lame dark aide jars More sire aims fome foal Mo re sire aims roam same sale ride joke Mare hire elms foal lame dark aide jars More more mire mire mere mere mare mare Sire sire dire dire fire fire hire hre Aims aim s arms arms alms alms elms elms Roam roam loam loam foam foal foal Same same fame fame dame dame lame lame Sale sale dale dale dare dare dark dark Ride ride hilde hilde side side aide aide jade made mode mode mole mole Lesson 5 Fff ftf ftf tft ftf fff ftf ftf ftf tft ftf Ftf kit kit ftf toe toe ftf ate ate ftf Ftf it is the ; to them ; for the ; at it ; That hat is flat ; it ate a least threeJjj jnj jnj njn jnj jjj jjj jnj jnj njn jnj Jnj ten ten jnj not not jnj and and jnj Jnj nine tones ; none inside ; on and on ; Nine kind lines ; ten done in an instant Dd dcd dcdc cdc dcd ddd dcd dcd cdc dcd dcd Cdc ace ace can dcd arc arc dcd Dcd on a deck ; in each care ; cannot act ; Cat at once ; call to cancel the tickets Fff ftf ftf tft ftf fff ftf ftf tft ftf Jjj jnj jnj njn jnj jjj jnj jnj njn jnj Ddd dcd dcd cdc dcd ddd dcd dcd cdc dcd The cartoon of jam is here on this dock ; Said farm jets kick this none care ink ; Rain hand jots tick then tone came sink Sail sail said said raid raid rain rainFarm farm harm harm hard hand hand Jets jets lets lets lots lots jots jots Kick kick sick sick lick lick tick tick This this thin thin than than then then None none lone lone done done tone tone Care care cake cake cane cane ca,e came Ink; ink ; link link rink rink sink sink Lesson 6 Ff fvf fvf vfv fvf fff fvf vfv fvf vfv fvf Fvf vie vie fvf eve eve fvf via via fvf Fvf vie for love ; move over ; via a van ; Vote to move ; even vitamins have flavor The draft is too cold. Close this door. Ask Vera to start a fire. Find a match. Dr. T. Vincent sees me ; he made acast. Ash Rd. is ahead ; East Ave. veers leftFf fvf fvf vfv fvf fff fvf fvf vfv fvf ;;; t;; t;; ;;; c;; c;; ;;; s;; s;; ;;; Lll l. l l. l . l l. l lll l. l l. l . l. lll Dee voted for vivid vases on her visit Fold hide fast came hold ride mast fame Hone ri ce mask fade none vice task jade Fff fvf fvf vfv fvf fff fvf fvf vfv fvf ;;; t;; ;;; c;; c;; ;;; s;; s;; ;;; Lll l. l l. l . l. l. l lll l. l l. l . l. lll Dee voted for vivid vases on her visit . Fold hide fast came hold ride mast fame Hone rice mask fade none vice task jade Lesson 7 Fail not ; jest mist chin Rev. card sake Rick did not join ; Val loves that fame. Sss sws sws wsw sws sss sss sws sws wsw swsSss sws sws wsw sws sss sss sws sws wsw sws Sws was was sws own own sws saw saw sws Sws was was sws own own sws saw saw sws Sws white swans swim ; sow winter wheat ; Sws white swans swim ; sow winter wheat ; We watched some whales while we walked We watched some whales while we walked Kkk k,k k,k ,k k,k kkk k,k k,k ,k k,k Kkk k,k k,k ,k k,k kkk k,k k,k ,k k,k K,k it, it, k,k or , or , k,k an, an, k,k k,k it , it, k,k or , or k,k an , an k,k k,k if it id , two, or three , as soon as k,k if it id , two, or three , as soon as Vic , his friend , lives in Rich , Alaska Vic , his frien d , lives in Rich , AlaskaFff fgf fgf gfg fgf fff fgf fgf gfg fgf Fgf leg leg fgf egg egg fgf get get fgf Fgf give a dog , saw a log , sing a song , Gen gets a large sagging gift of games Ss sws sws wsw sws sss sws sws wsw sws Kkk k,k k,k ,k k,k kkk k,k k,k ,k, k,k Fff fgf fgf gfg fgf ggg fgf fgf gfg fgf Wanda watched the team jog to the glen Frank sold sold Dave old an washing mscone. Carl joked with al ice , fran , edith Wamda wore redsocks; sadie wore green Frank sold Dave an old washing machine . Arl jokes with Alice , Fran , and Edith . Arl jokes with Alice , Fran , and Edith . Wanda wore red socks ; Sadie wore green Wanda wore red socks ; Sadie wore greenLesson 8 Memo dock sink wave heed crag jolt jest Tommi Ra has two free carnival tickets Wade Dana Alda Sami Cata Devo Wane Glen Vera Edie Fran Seth Adam Cara Rene Dave Gene Vick Rick Coel Fran Dave Carl Sadi Anna Wade Gino Sali Vida Theo Dean Eric S-me w-rk s- we make the w-orld cleaner. W hav- th-m saf-; V-ra l-ft to s it . See , the –ive-s and st-eams a-e – -ising A damaging c-emical mig-t –arm t-e men. Their –o- -akes ja- and so-e sew ite-s. W-ll-am –s –ll and w-ll l-ve –n Alaska Deloris sold red , tn , nd orchid ties. Dana had dogs , cats , and a tan hamster. Todd ate mangoes , kiwis , and an orange.Alicia worked on math , French , and law. Edie Victor saw the Alo Reed dress too. Tom Salt and Arti Wiggs saw Sam and Di Rick saw Chirs at three Eastmoor games. Donna wrote to Anna , Ellen , and Rachel. Al had one good mark and told me later. We want to go westr to work in the rain. The snow fell one dark night last fall/ Watch the river flow over the dark dam Ring snow west tows ink , glow jot , hag . King scow well down elf , crew mow, sag Ring ring wing wing sing sing king kings snow snow show show stow stow scow scow Werst west went went welt welt welt welt well well West west went went welt welt well wellTows tows town town gown gown down down I nk ink ilk ilk elk elk elf elf Glow glow grow grow grew grew crew crew Jot jot hot hot how how mow mow Hag hag rag rah wah wah sag sag Lesson 9 Dim logo wags jive foal corn them wags Dim logo wags jive foal corn them wags Wanda mailed the jewels that Carl made Wanda mailed the jewels that Carl made Fff fbf fbf bfb fbf fff fbf fbf bfb fbf Fff fbf fbf bfb fbf fff fbf fbf bfb fbf Fbf rob rob fbf ebb ebb fbf bag bag fbf Fbf rob rob fbf ebb ebb fbf bag bag fbf Fbf a net bin , a black bend a big bag Fbf a net bin , a black bend a big bag That boat had been in a babbling brookThat boat had been in a babbling brook Jjj juj juj uju juj jjj juj juj uju juj Juj jug jug juj urn urn juj flu flu juj Juj jug jug juj urn urn juj flu flu juj Juj jungle bugs , just a job , jumbo jets Students show unusual business success . Aaa kaa kaa aaa kaa kaa aa kaa kaa aaa Aaa kim kim aaa lee lee aaa joe joe aaa Aaa jan left ; nora ran ; uncle lee fell ; Mari and ula went to Kansas in October Lesson 10 Aaa aqa aqa qaq aqa aaa aqa aqa qaq aqa Aaa aqa aqa qaq aqa aaa aqa aqa qaq aqa Aqa quo quo aqa aqa qui qui aqa que aqa Aqa quo quo aqa aqa qui qui aqa que aqa Aqa quail , quit quid , half quest , Aqa quail , quit quid , half quest ,The quints sqauabbled on a square quilt. The quints sqauabbled on a square quilt. Aaa aqa aqa aqa qaq aqa aaa aqa aqa qaq aqa ;;; ;/; ;/; /;/ ;/; /// /;/ /;/ ;/; /;/ ;;; ;/; ;/; /;/ ;/; /// /;/ /;/ ;/; /;/ The quick squash squad requested quiet The quick squash squad requested quiet He/she said that we could do either/or. He/she said that we could do either/or. Louise will lead if she makes the team Their bands will march at the quadrant Brad just had time to finish his goals I was quiet as he glided over the wave Find/seek boat fate jail cube brad swat Walk shit mile vane aqua slot quit Find/lose cats/dogs hike/bike walk/rideSeek/hide soft/hard mice/rats shut/ajar Boat goat moat mode rode rude euin quid Fate face race rice nice nile vile mile Jail fail fall gal l mall male vale vane Cube cuba tuba tube lube luau quad qua Brat brat brag quag flag flat flat slat slot Swat swam swim slim slid slid slit suit quit Lesson 11 Quil wagon cabin valued helms , and/or; Quil wagon cabin valued helms , and/or; Jake is quite good in math but not Val Jake is quite good in math but not Val . ;;; ;’; ;’; ‘;’ ;’; ;;; ;’; ;’; ‘;’ ;’; ;;; ;’; ;’; ‘;’ ;’; ;;; ;’; ;’; ‘;’ ;’; ;’; he’s he’s ;’; where’s ;’; it’s it’s ’; he’s he’s ;’; where’s ;’; it’s it’s ’; ‘;’ kit’s barn ;’; where’s ‘;’ its’s it’s ;’; ‘;’ kit’s barn ;’; where’s ‘;’ its’s it’s ;’; ‘;’ kit’s b arn ;’; ed’s car ;’; ‘;’ ;’; ‘;’ kit’s barn ;’; ed’s car ;’; ‘;’ Bill’s car isn’t running ; it’s at Li’s. Bill’s car isn’t running ; it’s at Li’s ;;; ;’; ;’; ;’; ‘;’ ;;; ;’; ;’; ‘;’;’ ;’; â€Å"win† â€Å"win† ;†; ;†; ;;; ;†; ;†; â€Å";† ;†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He said â€Å"no thanks , â€Å" but it was â€Å"lame. â€Å" Rita â€Å"forgot , â€Å" but Tim added â€Å"flavors. â€Å" Robbs’s clothes and image don’t â€Å"match. † Mr. Quill said , â€Å"Wait . â€Å" ; she ran back. I haven’t enough time to â€Å"quibble† now. Go to the cabin and get us the dog now. Now is the time to call all men for me.Shee made a face when she lost the race. Ask them if the vase is safe with them. We can’t â€Å"remember† how Bo got bruised. Burt’s dad â€Å"asked† Kurt to assist Ross. Made fade face race lace lice nice mice Made fade face race lace lice nice mice Burt Nora Will Mame Ross Kurt Olaf Elle Burt Nora Will Mame Ross Kurt Olaf Elle He’s I’ve don’t can’t won’t we’ve she’s He’s I’ve don’t can’t won’t we’ve she’s Bo’s dogs Lu’s cows Mo’s cats Di’s rats Bo’s dogs Lu’s cows Mo’s cats Di’s rats â€Å"mat† â€Å"bat† â€Å"west† â€Å"east† â€Å"gone† â€Å"tone† â€Å"mat† â€Å"bat† â€Å"west† â€Å"east† â€Å"gone† â€Å"tone† He â€Å"quit† ; she â€Å"tried. † I hot a â€Å"wall. â€Å" He â€Å"quit† ; she â€Å"tried. I hot a â€Å"wall. â€Å" Sand/land vane/cane robe /love quit/suit Sand/land vane/cane robe /love quit/suit Asks bask base vase case cast mast last Asks bask base vase case cast mast last Lesson 12 Seth Kebo Otis Fran Iris Edie Jose Dave Hans Cara Nita Rene Uris Vera Mark Adam Theo Jean Saul Hugh Eric Noel Vida Ivan Gino Leah Burt Olla Anna Kris Wade Mike Seth Kebo Otis Fran Iris Edie Jose Dave Hans Cara Nita Rene Uris Vera Mark Adam Theo Jean Saul Hugh Eric Noel Vida Ivan Gino Leah Burt Olla Anna Kris Wade Mike Ou- -ivers and oceans a-e being –uined. W- must w-rk t- mak- -ur w-rld cl-an-r -armful c-emicals fill muc- of t-e air.W- hav- lo-t u-ag- of –om- of our -oil Ou- -ivers and oceans a-e being –uined. W- must w-rk t- mak- -ur w-rld cl-an-r -armful c-emicals fill muc- of t-e air. W- hav- lo-t u-ag- of –om- of our -oil The cook went to work with cork boards. Four foul jugs were left at the stream. Toil in the weeds to get the seeds now. Tell a joke , then gather other jesters. Ulan told Brian she would be glad to go . In boston one can see vast fish markets. Burce had this I/0 switch changed again. Treena saw quite a flock of â€Å"odd† birds. Walter took a ride to the quiet street. Quakes threw her around the trick door. Rook took cook cork work word ford foldFull fill file fire fore four foul fowl Jolt joke jets jerk jest just jugs jute Wire were went west jest quit quid quad Weed reed seed seat seal soil toil foil Dour sour sort tort tore wore sore lore Told hold sold sole hole role real teal tire fire sire site suit quit whit with Pg. 32 G. Practice Bran brad bred brew brow crow crew craw Gist list mist must gust dust rust just Vast vest jest lest best west nest rest Blot blob blow blew bled bred brad bran Sun , nun , run , bun , gun , gum , hum , sum , Bout boat boot blot bold doll dole Just dust dusk dunk bunk bulk hulk hunk Beef been bean bead beak beam beat bearLesson 13 Fade cave what swim quad blot king jars Fade cave what swim quad blot king jars Black liquids v anish from the jug I saw. Black liquids vanish from the jug I saw. ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; ;p; nap nap ;p; pen pen ;p; ape ape ;p; ;p; nap nap ;p; pen pen ;p; ape ape ;p; ;p; perfect plot , a pale page , pen pal , ;p; perfect plot , a pale page , pen pal Pam pulled a pouting pup past a puddle. Pam pulled a pouting pup past a puddle. Sss sxs sxs xsx sxs sss sxs sxs xsx sxs Sxs tax tax sxs mix mix sxs axe axe sxs Sxs lax takes , vexed vixen , six Texans ,Fix the next six boxes on the next weekend ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; ;;; ;p; ;p; p;p ;p; Sss sxs sxs xxsx sxs sss sxs sxs xsx sxs Phil will fix ripped carpets alone now. Go see that duplex before next weekend. Pull on the tabs. The box will open. Speed is good. Errors are not good. Glue the picture. The book is done. Get the clothes. Bring me their caps. Slag chop gate plop tops bows veal dart Apex slab gave quit fix , hoax text jell Slag flag flap flax flux flew Alex apex Chop clop cl ap clan claw slaw slap slab Gate gale pale page pave have cave gave Plop flop flip slip ship ship whip quip quit Tops tipssips sits sit , six , mix , fix ,Blow bows bowl jowl howl cowl coal coax hoax Veal rel seal meal meat neat next text Dart part park bark balk bal bell jell Lesson 14 Jjj jyj jyj yjy jyj jjj jyj jyj yjy jyj Jyj yes yes jyj joy joy jyj aye aye jyj Jyj yard of yarn of yarn , July joy , yellow yam , Shelley yearns to yodel but only yells If you are happy , will be able To set goals. You will also smile more. The jury was back and no one could Leave the room. We all had to stay put. Jjj jyj jyj yjy jyj jjj jyj jyj yjy jyj I saw yards of yellow fabric every day They happily played in the lonely yard. Yes , the daily reports are ready today.Push your fingers to find the keys now. Keyboarding speed will rapidly improve Your goal is to key faster than before. Try every day to achieve that new goal/ A jury will meet next January to get a verdict. People stole costly fuel F rom the boys. We found bags of cards next to the mops int the broom closet. Fuel duel duet suet suit quit quip quid Gape nape cape cave wave wage wags bags Mops pops maps hops tops toys joys boys . We found Bags of cards next to the mops in the broom closet. Fuel duel diet suet suit quit quip quid Gape nape cape cave wave wage wags bags Mops pops maps hops yops toys toys joys boysRope lope lops laps lips lids kids kiss Card cart curt hurt hurl furl fury jury Cost most lost lest best test text next Slab flab flap flaw flay slay clay play Pan , fan , tan , man , can , ran , Dan , Jan . Lesson 15 Bakechin jogs wave quip dome onyx left His soft big lynx quickly jumped waves. Aaa aza aza zaz aza aaa aza aza zaz aza Aza zip zip aza zoo zoo aza zap zap aza Aza dozing zebu , he zags , dazed zebras , Zachary ate frozen pizza in the gazebo. ;;; ;:; :;: ;:; ;:: ;;; ;:; ;:; ;:; ;:; Dr. Webb : Mr. Que : Mrs. Downs : Ms. La : Mr. Dode : Mrs. Chin : Ms. Finn : Dr. Mai : To: From : Subjext : Attent ion: To:To: From : Subject : Attention : To: Aaa aza aza zaz aza aaa aza aza zaz aza ;;; ;:; ;:; :;: ;;; ;:; ;:; :;: ;:; Zach and zany Hzel visited local zoos. They saw : lazy zebras , apes , and lions. Key fast to reach the end of that line. Keep your eyes on your copy as you key . Tests are easy if you know the answers. If they go to the zoo , invite them too. As Inez roamed the ship , she told Fond tales. Sje slipped on that waxy rung and fell to the deck. S She hurt her face and was dazed , but felt no pain Lesson 16 Nest vote farm hail quid gaze coal waxy bake jeep Nest vote farm hail quid gaze coal waxy bake jeepGail must hold two jobs ; she has had a hard life . Gail must hold two jobs ; she has had a hard life . Kim , Ted has kept liquid oxygen frozen with care. Kim , Ted has kept liquid oxygen frozen with care. Pest west test rest quest roast yeast toast totes Pest west test rest quest roast yeast toast totes Yarn yard ward word worry hurry query quirt quilt Yarn yard ward word worry hurry query quirt quilt Try to get an aqua shirt to wear for the picture. Try to get an aqua shirt to wear for the picture. We took your tire to the shop , but it was ruined We took your tire to the shop , but it was ruinedRobb passed the test ; he studied about two hours. These courses are open : marketing , band , and art . Rachel wishes to key. Her cat is on the computer. Dr. E. O. Anton was given the award in the U. S. A. Gretchen received he B. S and M. B. A. in the a. m. Ask Brenda about the summer sale. It’s in Tucson. Will could buy socks there. The price in minimal. Today , stationery is half off. Help me buy paper. Even the books are reduced. We want to read more. My cousin , Vera , has been exercising for at Least seven weeks. I did my best to keep up with’ Her for at least one hour today , but it was much too difficult.She is ery strong and very quick. As base vases lasts haste taste fasts waste paste Po pole polar poems point poker polka spore s pots Tr trade trips trace strut treat trend stray tray Re read real ream reel reeds breeds freed decreed Br bran brush brute broth bring break bread brain Mu must munch murky mushy musty music mumps mulch Ze amaze gauze dozen prize blaze craze glaze size Cr crate crater create crack crab crib crow croak It is good that you have learned all of the alphabet keys. With just some extra practice , you will zip through work quickly. Lesson 17 Herbs jinx gawk miff vest zinc ploy quad best zooHerbs jinx gawk miff vest zinc ploy quad best zoo Dozy oryx have quit jumping over the huge flocks. Dozy oryx have quit jumping over the huge flocks. Lax folks quickly judged the lazy dogs unfit now. Lax folks quickly judged the lazy dogs unfit now ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/ ;? ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/ ;? ;/; ;? ; now? ;? ; hwo? How? ;? ; who? Who? ;? ; ;/; ;? ; now? ;? ; hwo? How? ;? ; who? Who? ;? ; Who? What? Why? Where? When? When? Next? How many? N ow? Who? What? Why? Where? When? When? Next? How many? Now? How can Joe get there? Which way are the outlets?How can Joe get there? Which way are the outlets? A COMPUTER rapidly scanned most AIRMAIL packages. Another START/STOP safety lever was stuck lately. Was JOSE elected CLASS PRESIDENT today or sooner? You should not answer my door WHEN YOU ARE ALONE. ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/ ;? ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/; ;/? ;? ; ;? ; ;;; ;/ ;? Did you see HELEN? Did you learn about her crash? Did you see HELEN? Did you learn about her crash? Her car was hit from hit from BEHIND. She broke BOTH arms. Her car was hit from hit from BEHIND. She broke BOTH arms. HOW will she manage while both arms are in casts?HOW will she manage while both arms are in casts? Tony was a better friend than Hope was to Salena. Lu and I were at Camp Piney Forest in early fall. I rode the Rocky Ford train to San Juan in March. Maya , Sue , and Grace were the. It was exciting. The blind sla ts are broken. Can you fix the broken ones? My WILY dog jumped out of the window Which is how this happened. There should be some way to stop him. For a young dog , he is AMAZING Slat slit skit suit quit quip qiz whiz fizz Slat slit skit suit quit quip qiz whiz fizz LASS bass base bake CAKE cage PAGE sage SAGA sags LASS bass base bake CAKE cage PAGE sage SAGA sagsMaze mare more mover wove cove core cure pure pore Maze mare more mover wove cove core cure pure pore Mix; fix; fin; kin; kind wind wild wily will well Mix; fix; fin; kin; kind wind wild wily will well Cape cane vane sane same sale pale pals pats bats Cape cane vane sane same sale pale pals pats bats Jump pump bump lump limp limb lamb jamb jams hams Jump pump bump lump limp limb lamb jamb jams hams Slow BLOW blot SLOT plot PLOP flop FLIP blip BLOB Slow BLOW blot SLOT plot PLOP flop FLIP blip BLOB Mite more wire tire hire hide hive jove give five . Mite more wire tire hire hide hive jove give five . Lesson 18Rave jinx tact safe mind glib quit yelp hawk doze Rave jinx tact safe mind glib quit yelp hawk doze We all must be good friends to have good friends. We all must be good friends to have good friends. We have quickly gained sixty prizes for best jam. We have quickly gained sixty prizes for best jam ;;; ;p; ;p-; ;-; -;- ;;; ;p; ;p-; ;-; -;- ;;; ;-; ;;; ;p; ;p-; ;-; -;- ;;; ;p; ;p-; ;-; -;- ;;; ;-; ;p- ;-; self-made ;-; one-third ;p one-sixth ;-; ;p- ;-; self-made ;-; one-third ;p one-sixth ;-; ;p- ;-; part-time ;-; one-tenth ;p- two-party ;-; ;p- ;-; part-time ;-; one-tenth ;p- two-party ;-; Self-made Jim stopped at an out-of-the-way placeSelf-made Jim stopped at an out-of-the-way place ;p; ;p- ;-; ;-_; ;p-_ _;_ ;p-_ ;-:; ;_; ;p- ;;; ;p; ;p_; ;_; _;_ ;;; ;p; ;p_; ;p_; ;_; _;_ ;;; ;_; Are you an easy-going person who gets along well? The new name he now uses for e-mail is jute_rope. Steward and Phon drove a car down to the shelter. Ten people helped serve meals to thirty children. They said it was ha rd work. Jung felt happy then. This might help solve these problems in our city. Look up in the western sky and see how it is Filled with magnificent pinks and reds as the sun Begins to set. As the sun sinks below the clouds , You will see an amazing display of great colors.Was raged wheat serve force carts bears cages age Tag exact vases rests crank enter greet moves ear Was raged wheat serve force carts bears cages age Tag exact vases rests crank enter greet moves ear Get table stage hired diets gears wages warts rat Hop mouth union input polka alone moors tunic joy Him looms pumps nouns joked pound allow pours hip Lip mopes loose equip moods unite fills alike mop We saw where gray lava flowed down a path. At the exit , Justin saw trees with no bark and a Quiet , fuzzy duck looking at me Lesson 19 Fuzz busy flat apex gash avow junk quad czar mind Fuzz busy flat apex gash avow junk quad czar mindWe should try to make a call before the day ends. We should try to make a call before t he day ends Rob moved a psychology quiz to next week for Jay Rob moved a psychology quiz to next week for Jay Up by rod hun cue dry mow zip elk jaw van era ark Do we fad wet tab boy hid lug mug zap box kid fog in my car zoo tag pop vat jar lid yam fi war qua So to add fun joy fun sew lad man did nip was hop Quinton Robert Farris Cheryl Eunice Xavier George Juliet Noelle Ulysses Ingmar Hunter Yasmin Melvin Quinon Robert Farris Cheryl Eunice Xavier George Jukiet Noelle Ulysses Ingmar Hunter Tamara Zachary Quenna Aurora Bryant Dawson SalomeTamara Zachary Quenna Aurora Bryant Dawson Salome Mignon Jefferey Yvette Olinda Harold Joanna Lionel Mignon Jeffrey Yvette Olinda Harold Joanna Lionel We read the daily newspaper to learn what is going on in other countries. Do yo also read it? Do you read or watch the newa? If you don’t , you should. How will you learn what is happening? E-ch d-y thos- fing-rs w-ll m-ove a l-ttl- f-st-r. Y-u m-st le-rn to th-nk wh-re all thos- k-ys ar-. D- y- u ke-p yp-r ey-s on th- c-py y-u ar- key-ng? On- d-y so-n yo-r f-ng-rs w-ll fly ov-r th- k-ys Accounting is a good course. I am taking it soon. Dr. Tim Bellio , Ph. D , is in the U. S. or the U.K. Please turn on the TV; my favorite program is on. Mr. C L. Brickman and his son , T. J , are home. We must talk to two people: Anthony and Consuela Jay and Ed were on time. Iva liked doing ai Chi. Both Y. O. Fox and T. C Ole had a Ph. D in math. Alberto , set the clock. It is good to be on time. Mr. Vasquez and Mr. Mayer were not in the office. Have you tried to get a project completed by A deadline only to realize that you simply will Not be able to finish it? What you do next will Depend on the prokect and how soon you need it. Se seats seal pulse lease seams eases sedan mouse Gr great gray grows grain grade grass groan graveLo love glove ploys clock locks flock block lobes Dr draft drift drive dress drama drums drab drape Av lava paved abert favor shave avoid brave raven Nk drink pink l inks crank plank sinks honks blank Sc scar scare scant scrap scent scoot scold scone Ba barks bare barns barb baby back bang bald bath Lesson 20 Itch plum jilt waxy fi next clod quad brag skit It is good to meet new people as soon as you can. Cover the cozy liquid wax before Jack mops again. Baffle quartz toxic veins major whack gaudy equip Banjo wizard rhyme heaven steep affix laugh quack Matrix shady squat venom jacket spill zebra fudgeBe quick to move them/down; jinx lazy fingers. Querida Arthur Donata Regina Gwynne Warden Samuel Leilani Ursula Javier Margot Phoebe Irving Oliver Timothy Carlos Elliot Felice Zenina Vernon Winona Nokomis Isabel Hayley Pascal Justin Latham Kemeko Di you meet your goals? I did not. They all did. My car is stuck. I need it towed . Will you do it ? Let’s see a movie. What’s playing? I do not know. Look at that. It is quite amazing. I am thrilled. K—p a;; f-ngers curv-d –nd y—r we-sts a b-t. Ke-p y-ur elb-ws r-lax-d a nd cl-se to y-ur s-des. K-ep y-ur h-ad up –nd t-rned tow-rd th- textb—k K-ep b-th fe-t on th- flo-r , on- aft-r th- oth-r.Toms’s flowers – especially the tilips—are lovely. Have you seen her gloves? Are they in the drawer? If Leilani can go tomorrow , we will go then also. Estes Park has roads as well as hike/bike trails/ That fly-by-night business was selling old disks. Oliver let Margo answer the TCP/IP Internet quiz. Connecting with the World Wide Web was Difficult. Janice Learned about URL’s , FTP , and TCP/IP sites. Sam , Jo , and Di were fluent in German and French . There are fewer gold cources in Clark County THANK Milton County. One reason is the need for rich soil to grow grass. Clark County has mostly clay soil , which does not absorb water well.Asa adie sadly flask sqaild saved trash masks sas Fgf fight goofs golfs fugue gaffe foggy frogs gfg Wew weans sweet swell sweat sweat fewer weeks ewe Rtr art part port sort sort fort worth trade title rtr Klk kilns kilts kelts kelts keels fock block locks lkl Nmn means lemon minor numbs names money hyms mnm Oio boils soils joins coins lions tolis 1. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 2. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 3. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 4. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 5. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 6. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 7. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 8.Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 9. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 10. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 11. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 12. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 13. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 14. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 15. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 16. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 17. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 18. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 19. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 20. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 21. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 22. Wa fting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 23. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 4. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 25. Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo 1. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 2. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 3. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 4. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 5. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 6. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 7. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 8. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 9. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 10. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 11. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 12.The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 13. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 14. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 15. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 16. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 17. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 18. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 19. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 20. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 21. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 22. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 23. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog 24. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Homework Assigment 1: Foundations: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 1. 1 A 47. 3-mL sample of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has a mass of 37. 32 g. What is its density? 1. 2 If 116 g of ethanol is needed for a chemical reaction, what volume of liquid would you use? The density of ethanol is 0. 789 g/mL 1. 3 Battery acid is 40. 0% sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and 60. 0% water by mass. Its density is 1. 31. Calculate the mass of pure H2SO4 in 100. 0 mL of battery acid. 1. 4 How many moles of atoms does 136. 9 g of iron metal contain? 1. 5 A stack of 500 sheets of typing paper is 1. inches thick. Calculate the thickness, in inches and in miles, of a stack of typing paper that contains one mole (Avogadro’s number) of sheets (1 inch = 2. 54 cm) 1. 6 Compounds containing sulfur and oxygen are serious air pollutants; they represent the major cause of acid rain. Analysis of a sample of a pure compound reveals that it contains 50. 1% sul- fur and 49. 9% oxygen by mass. What is the simplest formula of the compound ? 1. 7 A 20. 882-gram sample of an ionic compound is found to contain 6. 072 grams of Na, 8. 474 grams of S, and 6. 336 grams of O. What is its simplest formula? 1. 8 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon. A 0. 1647-gram sample of a pure hydrocarbon was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 4931 gram of CO2 and 0. 2691 gram of H2O. Determine the masses of C and H in the sample and the percentages of these elements in this hydrocarbon. 1. 9 A 0. 1014-g sample of purified glucose was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 1486 g of CO and 0. 0609 g of H2O. An elemental analysis showed that glucose contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Determine the masses of C, H, and O in the sample and the percentages of these elements in glucose. 1. 10 Phosphorus, P4, burns with excess oxygen to form tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10. In this reaction, what mass of P4 reacts with 1. 50 moles of O2? 1. 11 What mass of CO2 could be formed by the reaction of 16. 0 g of CH4 with 48. 0 g of O2? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com 1. 12 What is the maximum mass of Ni(OH)2 that could be prepared by mixing two solutions that contain 25. g of NiCl2 and 10. 0 g of NaOH, respectively? NiCl2 + NaOH — > Ni(OH)2 + NaCl 1. 13 A 15. 6-gram sample of C6H6 is mixed with excess HNO3. We isolate 18. 0 grams of C6H5NO2. What is the percent yield of C6H5NO2 in this reaction? 1. 14 Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a very important compound used to make fertilizers. It is also pres- ent in cola drinks. H3PO4 can be prepared in a two-step process. Rxn 1: P4 +O2 — > P4O10 Rxn 2: P4 O10 +H2O — > H3PO4 We allow 272 grams of phosphorus to react with excess oxygen, which forms tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10, in 89. % yield. In the second step reaction, a 96. 8% yield of H3PO4 is obtained. What mass of H3PO4 is obtained? 1. 15 2. 00 grams of ammonium sulfate was dissolved in distilled water and made up to 250 mL in a volumetric flask. A 25. 0 mL portion of this solution was boiled with 50. 0 mL of 0. 100 M sodium hydroxide solution until no more ammonia gas was evolved. Then excess sodium hydroxide in the resulting solution required for neutralization, 24. 30 mL of HCl 0. 100M. Calculate the percentage purity of the sample. 1. 16 Write the correct formulae/ions for: Potassium sulfite:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dinitrogen pentoxide:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Nitrorous acid: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sodium hyperchlorite†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chloric acid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hydride ion:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Coprous ions: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mercuric ion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 17 In acidic solution, dichromate ion will oxidize ferrous ion to ferric ion and form chromate (III) ion. What volume of 0. 100 M dichromate ion is required to oxidize 60. 0 mL of 0. 250 M of ferrous ion? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com Homework Assigment 1: Foundations: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 1. 1 A 47. 3-mL sample of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) has a mass of 37. 32 g. What is its density? 1. 2 If 116 g of ethanol is needed for a chemical reaction, what volume of liquid would you use? The density of ethanol is 0. 789 g/mL 1. 3 Battery acid is 40. 0% sulfuric acid, H2SO4, and 60. 0% water by mass. Its density is 1. 31. Calculate the mass of pure H2SO4 in 100. 0 mL of battery acid. 1. 4 How many moles of atoms does 136. 9 g of iron metal contain? 1. 5 A stack of 500 sheets of typing paper is 1. inches thick. Calculate the thickness, in inches and in miles, of a stack of typing paper that contains one mole (Avogadro’s number) of sheets (1 inch = 2. 54 cm) 1. 6 Compounds containing sulfur and oxygen are serious air pollutants; they represent the major cause of acid rain. Analysis of a sample of a pure compound reveals that it contains 50. 1% sul- fur and 49. 9% oxygen by mass. What is the simplest formula of the compound ? 1. 7 A 20. 882-gram sample of an ionic compound is found to contain 6. 072 grams of Na, 8. 474 grams of S, and 6. 336 grams of O. What is its simplest formula? 1. 8 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed entirely of hydrogen and carbon. A 0. 1647-gram sample of a pure hydrocarbon was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 4931 gram of CO2 and 0. 2691 gram of H2O. Determine the masses of C and H in the sample and the percentages of these elements in this hydrocarbon. 1. 9 A 0. 1014-g sample of purified glucose was burned in a C-H combustion train to produce 0. 1486 g of CO and 0. 0609 g of H2O. An elemental analysis showed that glucose contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Determine the masses of C, H, and O in the sample and the percentages of these elements in glucose. 1. 10 Phosphorus, P4, burns with excess oxygen to form tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10. In this reaction, what mass of P4 reacts with 1. 50 moles of O2? 1. 11 What mass of CO2 could be formed by the reaction of 16. 0 g of CH4 with 48. 0 g of O2? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com 1. 12 What is the maximum mass of Ni(OH)2 that could be prepared by mixing two solutions that contain 25. g of NiCl2 and 10. 0 g of NaOH, respectively? NiCl2 + NaOH — > Ni(OH)2 + NaCl 1. 13 A 15. 6-gram sample of C6H6 is mixed with excess HNO3. We isolate 18. 0 grams of C6H5NO2. What is the percent yield of C6H5NO2 in this reaction? 1. 14 Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, is a very important compound used to make fertilizers. It is also pres- ent in cola drinks. H3PO4 can be prepared in a two-step process. Rxn 1: P4 +O2 — > P4O10 Rxn 2: P4 O10 +H2O — > H3PO4 We allow 272 grams of phosphorus to react with excess oxygen, which forms tetraphosphorus decoxide, P4O10, in 89. % yield. In the second step reaction, a 96. 8% yield of H3PO4 is obtained. What mass of H3PO4 is obtained? 1. 15 2. 00 grams of ammonium sulfate was dissolved in distilled water and made up to 250 mL in a volumetric flask. A 25. 0 mL portion of this solution was boiled with 50. 0 mL of 0. 100 M sodium hydroxide solution until no more ammonia gas was evolved. Then excess sodium hydroxide in the resulting solution required for neutralization, 24. 30 mL of HCl 0. 100M. Calculate the percentage purity of the sample. 1. 16 Write the correct formulae/ions for: Potassium sulfite:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dinitrogen pentoxide:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Nitrorous acid: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sodium hyperchlorite†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chloric acid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hydride ion:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Coprous ions: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mercuric ion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 17 In acidic solution, dichromate ion will oxidize ferrous ion to ferric ion and form chromate (III) ion. What volume of 0. 100 M dichromate ion is required to oxidize 60. 0 mL of 0. 250 M of ferrous ion? Nguyen Tien Thao, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi College of Science, VNU 19 -Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam. Email: [email  protected] com

DESTINATION CASE STUDY on Pittsburgh, PA Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DESTINATION on Pittsburgh, PA - Case Study Example The newspapers found here are the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and Pittsburgh Tribune Review, which are the two major. It also has 32 radio stations one can tune into and is covered by 5 major television stations. Being on the south Western side of Pennsylvania, this location has 29 colleges and universities. Sporting events are some of the best and always celebrated in this location and thus this city has four major sports teams, Penguins, Steelers, Riverhounds, and Pirates. The Pittsburgh International Airport is cheered as the top five US airports as ranked by Conde Nast Traveler. On average, over 3.9 million people do visit Pittsburgh annually for both business and leisure. It has also been ranked among the top five most livable cities in the editions of Places Rated Almanac. Records show that modern inhabitants of Pittsburgh, PA were many groups of Iroquois and these were later joined by Britons and French traders. Fur traders came to this place in 1700 and this was followed by the building of a post by French soldiers in 1749 since they wanted to secure a route through the waterway from Canada to New Orleans. At some point, Major George Washington travelled to the city as an emissary to give warning to French people to leave and that the British carry out a construction of a fort at the Forks of Ohio where he declared that the site was strategically situated. The French built Fort Duquesne and the British built Fort Prince George, which were both later destroyed. This was later followed by the resurgence of the Britons who later took control of the land in the year 1758, when the French left their fort after the treaty to do so was signed ending the French and Indian War. A state of the art fort was build, Fort Pitt, which was named after the Secretary of State of England, William Pitt. After these events, a small village of Pittsborough started growing around Fort Pitt in 1861 and this was followed by change of name to Pittsburgh. Riverboat building

In pregnancy what is the effect of anxiety on postpartum depression Research Paper

In pregnancy what is the effect of anxiety on postpartum depression - Research Paper Example Increased levels of parenting stress directly correlate to the occurrence of postpartum depression and the anxiety experienced during pregnancy. As symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression became more severe levels of parenting stress increase. Antenatal depression and anxiety has been shown to impact the developing fetus as well as early child behavior. These babies spend more time crying and unhappy in appearance and demonstrate more stress related behaviors. They are often more difficult to console and appear to be more irritable. The relation between increased depression and anxiety during pregnancy even when controlling postpartum through therapy and other pharmacological means persist, despite this early intervention is strongly warranted. Research has increasingly addressed the comorbidity of anxiety with postpartum depression. Related factors that contribute are described as low self-esteem and maternal income and these are common predictors of prenatal anxiety (Mott, Schiller, Richards, O’Hara, & Stuart, 2011). Prenatal anxiety greatly increases a woman’s chances of anxiety and depression during the first seven months of the postpartum period. Data used for this study included a postpartum group selected from an existing data set who were enrolled in a previous study conducted through the University of Iowa. Women who participated in this study had delivered a baby in the prior 12 months and data was gathered through the use of questionnaires sent to those interested in participating in the study. There were 147 surveys or questionnaires returned that data was compiled from. Postpartum mothers most often reported the effects of anxiety included general depression, dysphoria, lassitude, insomnia, suicide ideation, appetite loss and gain, ill-temper, social anxiety, panic and traumatic intrusions. Results of this study concluded that adoptive women experienced fewer symptoms of

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Clardy, A. (2008). Policies for Managing the Training and Development Function: Lessons from the Federal Government. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 37 (1):. 27+. Retrieved 13 April, 2011 from Questia. Clardy (2008) undertook a literature review on the policies of human resource development and archival data in order to determine whether the framework used by the federal government workforce could be applicable to other employment environments. He found that while they cannot be considered as a means of solving all problems in the management of training functions, they can provide a scaffold from which training can be more effectively managed and how human resource development policies can better focus, shape, and guide a company’s human resource. De Meuse, K., Hostage, T., Eau, C. & O’Neill, K. (2007). A Longitudinal Evaluation of Senior Managers' Perceptions and Attitudes of a Workplace Diversity Training Program. Human Resource Planning. Vol.30 (2): 38. Retrieved 1 3 April, 2011 from Ebscohost. This study, a pilot study undertaken within a large manufacturing company aiming to implement a new program of diversity, aimed to find out whether the training would be effective. The pilot study involved 57 mangers and senior managers across 70 locations throughout North and South America. A survey was administered a week prior and after the training and gain 3 months later. The results proved positive in terms of increased scores both directly after and further after the training, which provides a number of positive implications for diversity training of senior management. Druskat, V., Sala, F. & Mount, G. (2006). Linking Emotional Intelligence and Performance at Work: Current Research Evidence with Individuals and Groups. Mahwah, New Jersey:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. The primary aim of this book is to provide discussion on current and leading edge research into the link between emotional intelligence and workplace performance for future researcher s and organizations and human resource departments. The main objective is to provide evidence and applied research for increasing knowledge and thus capabilities of improved workplace outcomes. Gray, R. (2007). Climate of Success: Creating the Right Organization Climate for High Performance. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth Heinemann. Gray (2007) explores the notion of organizational climate by using case studies to depict the causal links and effects of different climate issues and making recommendations on how to make improvements. He also shows how climate characteristics occur, how they impact on performance, and how managers can manipulate these characteristics and use their knowledge and understanding to benefit others as well as themselves. Grugulis, I. (2009). Skills, Training and Human Resource Development: A Response. Economic and Labour Relations Review. Vol.19 (2): 123+. Retrieved 13 April, 2011 from Questia. Grugulis’ (2009) article is a response to an earlier cri tique written by Ian Hampson (n.d) in relation to her book entitled ‘Skills, Training and Human Resource Development’. In her response Grugilis (2009) reiterates her motives for writing the book and thus the focus of her book, which was questioned by Hampson. She states that her book is intended to make academic research in human resource development (HRD) more

Parents Response Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Parents Response Reflection - Essay Example In answering the questions of the parents, I believe that I should be armed with the thorough knowledge and understanding of these preset standards in order to provide them with an adequate and accurate comprehension of their children's development. I choose to base this reflection in the national standard in science from grades K to four which can be downloaded at EducationWorld.com and is attached as an appendix. According to this standard, these grade levels should be able to grasp seven concepts of understanding: science as inquiry; physical science; life science; earth and space science; science and technology; personal and social perspectives; and history of nature and science. It should be noted that these concepts should be thoroughly taught by the teacher through the use of different activities, techniques, and communication style which are suitable to the age and level of understanding of students. Teaching science is one of the most interesting and equally challenging tasks of a teacher who is handling children at very young ages. In answer to the parent's question of how his child is performing inside the classroom, it is very much important to consider the preset standards against the perceived understanding, reception, participation, and output of the student. The child's performance should of course be in consideration with his age and the performance of his peers. It should be noted that a six year old child cannot be expected to memorize the entire periodic table or name all the bones in the body. Thus, the performance should be based on his ability and knowledge acquired from attending the classes. A good measure of a student's performance will be his grades in activities like recitations, quizzes, examinations, and home works. All of these should be mentioned to the parents in order to them to generate an adequate level of understanding on their children's performance . Another measure will be to compare the performance of the child to his classmates. This will give an idea the development of the child with his age group. The question of how I am helping the child to meet the national standards should reflect my recognition of the differing needs of each student and how I specifically tailor my teaching style in order to accommodate these differences. It will also be very important to highlight the various activities which are provided to the class in order for them to readily grasp an understanding of the concepts which are taught. For example, lectures are important but this will rather be boring for small children. Thus, they should be complemented with simple experiments, exercises, field trips, among others. Experiments will allow students to unlock the scientific concepts through firsthand experience while making them familiar with the process that scientists need to conduct first in order to validate their claims. In addition to these explanations, it will also be important to stress the difference of each child and how their specific needs are being met. In my experience, students learn at their own pace which is usually different from their peers. Also, some students learn through different techniques and circumstances. Thus, there is a need to have various activities and teaching techniques which will benefit everyone. In

My Learning Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Learning Experience - Essay Example Much attention is paid to the fact, that the enterprises which implement corporate social support achieve bigger dividends than those who are not attentive to this side of the public activity. Due to these facts, corporate social responsibility achieved much popularity for the last years and is widely practiced by both the authorities and workers. The next point of my analysis is the division of the article into several parts. My article contains the description of three main parts: the process of implementation of corporate social responsibility, the examples of companies which support this process, the participation of public authorities in it. After the division of the article into three main parts, I do the thorough analysis of each of them. The process of implementation of corporate social responsibility depends on the level of activity and imagination of the enterprise. The actions of the members of the team and working staff constitute fifty percent of the success. Thus, the main task of corporate social responsibility is to provide the comfortable working and living conditions for those who are involved in the functioning of the enterprise and their investments in the outdoor problems. Volunteering is one of the best ways to help others and raise the prestige of the company. For this reason, a lot of employees think over such strategies as education and knowledge (assistance to local school children with literacy), investments into the projects of environmental protection, providing child obesity charity, employment packages, free language workshops, and so forth. The ethical attendance of the members of the enterprises into these projects provides them high popularity among the customers and good relations with the m. Further on, I concentrate my attention on the second point of my plan - the examples of companies, which support corporate social responsibility.

Business Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Research - Essay Example Customer satisfaction gains all the more relevance in hospitality industry like the hotel industry. The Ritz hotel is one of the prestigious and luxurious hotels in France. The hotel is located at the heart of Paris in France and is one of the seven recognized Parisian palace hotels. Ritz presently offers 159 rooms with suites, restaurant, bars and private salons. True to the spirit of Ritz, each room offers a harmonious blend of modern ease and classical charm in a quintessentially French style. While there can be many reasons to choose Ritz over others; some reasons can only be experienced (Ritz Paris, n.d.). The hotel, now, plans to evaluate the level of customer satisfaction with the help of a survey. ‘Guest Satisfaction Questionnaire’ is distributed in various guest rooms and suites of the hotel. This report contains the questionnaire along with proper methodology to analyze the same. A conclusion has been inferred from the analysis and plausible recommendations are suggested to improve the service. Customer satisfaction is majorly understood as the sense of satisfaction that a customer feels when he or she compares his or her expectations with the actual quality of the acquired service. Satisfaction is closely related to the quality of the service (Krivobokova, 2009). In the absence of customer feedback, the quality of service is extremely difficult to assess. That is why direct involvement of the customers is necessary to analyze the improvement activities. Since evaluation of the level of customer satisfaction demands a considerable involvement from the customers, surveys are of paramount importance. Customer survey is a part of primary research. In this case primary researches are used to investigate an issue specific to business and to get feedback from the customers. Primary research delivers more specific results than the secondary research. On the other hand, secondary research is done on

Service Quality and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Service Quality and Leadership - Essay Example revealed that comprehending the novel distribution, as well as marketing trends currently will help businesses to make better decisions and reach more individuals. I have learned that when companies want to prepare their online stratagems, hoteliers usually approach companies who have the capacity to guide them on selecting the top trends that their businesses can follow. These include mobile, conversations on social media, along with channel management where a number of the most important trends for the hospitality industry are emerging. I have come to ascertain that the mobile trend is the primary reason as to why communications have turned out to be increasingly individualized and client-customized. This trend can refer to not just smartphones that have the capacity to access the Internet. Perceptibly, hoteliers are supposed to take mobile into consideration as a significant marketing channel, but ought to additionally be conscious of the trend to develop on-property in the midst of the introduction of NFC, along with additional device-activated services. The hospitality service industry has been able to make use of the mobile trend by starting with an optimized website for mobile along with booking engine that consider client experience across manifold mobile pieces of equipment, counting tablets. Companies today make the most out of the mobile trend with an exceptional website that is specifically designed to obtain mobile guests to whatever they are looking for swiftly and effectively with the capacity to have bookings on various pages. The hospitality service industry thinks of the mobile trend as its individual channel so that companies have the aptitude to present special rates, endorsements, product depictions, in addition to the tracking particularly for these marketplaces. Most hospitality companies function with websites that have geo-locality services, for instance, Gowalla and Foursquare to give promotions. Companies also take part in free

FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen Essay Example for Free

FEU Admission Policies for incoming Freshmen Essay The following policies for admission and retention shall be effective School Year 2012-13 and apply to all incoming freshmen and transferees entering the school in that school year. 1. All incoming first year shall be subject to the University’s admission requirements, as administered by the Admissions Office 2. Students pursuing a degree in Accountancy shall be enrolled initially in the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration-Major in Internal Auditing program (BSBA-IA). 3. To be eligible for admission to higher studies in the BSBA-IA program, BSBA-IA students shall pass a qualifying examination to be administered by the Institute after they have taken Fundamentals of Accounting Part 2. This is usually scheduled near or at the end of the 1stSemester in the second year of the curriculum. Students enrolled in other BSBA majors who have completed 12 units of Fundamentals of Accounting Parts 1 and 2 may take the examination and be admitted to the BSBA-IA program if qualified. The result of the qualifying examination is final and not subject to appeal; no retakes are allowed. Non qualifiers shall be advised to shift to another BSBA major. Non qualification after this first qualifying examination is a permanent disqualification from the BSBA-IA program. 4. To remain in the BSBA-IA program the student must meet all of the following requirements: A. GWA of 2. 0 or better in all accounting, law, and taxation subjects, with no grade lower than 2. 5 in any of these subjects B. Students may continue in the program only if the non-qualified subjects are re-enrolled and the required passing grade is attained. C. Pass a comprehensive examination at the end of each academic year covering all major subjects in the year level for the academic year; unsuccessful examinees may be advised to shift to another major, re-enroll some courses, or retake the examination. Students who do not meet the grade requirement are barred from taking the comprehensive examination. 5. All 4th year BSBA-IA students who have completed all course requirements shall be eligible for graduation with the BSBA-IA degree. To be admitted to 5th year BS Accountancy, the student must pass a written comprehensive examination to be taken at the end of the 4thyear, BSBA-IA, Non-qualifiers may retake the comprehensive examination any number of times to qualify for 5th year BSA 6. To qualify for graduation with the BSA degree, the student must pass a comprehensive written examination at the end of the 5th year; non passers may retake the examination any number of times until finally qualified. Students who fail for the third time shall re-enroll at least 6 units of 5th year subjects as recommended by the Dean or Associate Dean. Passing the written comprehensive examination is an absolute requirement for graduation.

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay Every organism possesses a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with changes in the external environment. Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Fish are cold-blooded animals. Most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Most fish body temperatures change with the temperature of the water around them. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. They lose metabolic heat through their gills. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two. Cold-blooded animals must regulate their body temperature by moving. Literary Discussion Homeostasis and the Respiration of Goldfish What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with external changes (www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Warm blooded animals are able to retain a more adjustable constant body temperature. In humans, homeostasis happens when the body regulates body temperature in an effort to maintain an internal temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). For instance, when it is hot outside your body sweats to cool off, and we shiver to warm up during the cold seasons. Unlike humans, most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Fish are cold-blooded creatures. Some fish have mechanisms to keep a healthy temperature. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. Certain types of fish such as tuna fish control their body temperature by a specialized heat exchange system of blood vessels. Most fish are poikilothermic which means their body temperature changes with the temperature of the water around them. For instance, if the top of a pond is frozen over, the fish swims to the bottom of the pond to try to stay at a comfortable temperature. All animals create heat from metabolic activity. Metabolic activity includes breaking down food and movement (http://www.ehow.com/facts_7433473_fish-homeostasis-different-water-temperatures.html). Animals such as fish lose metabolic heat through their gills. This happens because the heated blood that runs through vessels in the gills comes into close contact with the colder water outside, and all the heat is lo st. Many diseases are a result of disturbance of homeostasis. This condition is known as homeostatic imbalance. Every organism will lose efficiency in its control systems as it ages. Homeostatic imbalance is responsible for the physical changes associated with aging along with the internal environment. Inefficiencies gradually increase the risk for illness because of the unstable internal environment. It has been seen where alleged negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms then take over. Negative feedback is mainly how homeostasis is maintained, and positive feedback includes processes like blood clotting (http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/about2004.html). In maintaining homeostasis, the kidneys, liver, and brain are the organs in which play an important role. The kidneys are responsible for controlling blood water level, and regulation of salt and ion content in the blood. The liver performs the function of stabilizing carbohydrate metabolism and metabolizing toxic substances (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.htm.l) Whereas, the brain helps in controlling the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Dehydration, hypertension, diabetes, hypoglycemia, etc are major homeostatic imbalance health problems. Homeostasis is extremely important for proper functioning of all human body systems. Enzymes even need a specific constant temperature to work at their optimum level. At higher temperatures, the enzymes will stop working. Homeostasis occurs to all humans, animals, and plants and is needed for us to stay healthy and alive. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two examples. Body temperature for a fish mainly depends on the temperature of the water that the fish is in. This is the same for a fish in a tank, lake, pond, river, ocean, etc. A fish body adjusts to the temperature where the fish will be comfortable in the water. Cold-blooded animals cannot generate their own body heat; they must regulate their body temperature by moving. Absorptive and post absorptive are two metabolic states. Digestion, strength, respiration, salt and water balance, and heart rate are also included in this category. Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolic pathway. Homeostasis in fish as well as in humans adjusts when the environment that it is in adjusts. If a fish is swimming in polluted water, the water is going to affect the fish. Its going to affect the fishs vision, the fishs breathing, and many other things. Just like polluted air causes humans to get a disease or any other illness, a fish can get a disease or illness as well. The temperature will affect the pace of the fish similar to the temperature affecting the pace of humans. Homeostasis, in biological terms means that the body is maintaining internal equilibrium to adjust internally and physiologically, in response to the external environmental changes(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Vocabulary Effectors-are muscles or glands which work in response to the stimulus received from the motor nerves(http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Receptors-are structures at the ends of the nerve fibers that collect the information to be conducted by the nerves (http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Nares (Nostrils)-the nasal passages (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nares). Mouth-the opening in which an animal or human takes in food, liquid, oxygen, etc. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mouth?s=t) Eyes- the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/eyes?s=t) Operculum-the gill cover; a part or organ serving as a lid or cover, as a covering flap on a seed vessel. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/operculum?s=t) Lateral Line-the line, or system of lines, of sensory structures along the head and sides of fishes, by which the animal is believed to detect water current and pressure changes and vibrations. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/late-ral+line?s=t) Soft Dorsal Fins-the fin or finlike integumentary expansion generally developed on the back of aquatic vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pectoral Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins usually situated behind the head, one on each side, and corresponding to the forelimbs of higher vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pelvic Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins on the lower surface of the body, corresponding to the hind limbs of a land vertebrate; ventral fin.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Gills-the respiratory organ of aquatic animals, as fish, that breathe oxygen dissolved in water.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gills?s=t) Scales-one of the hard, bony or dentinal plates, either flat or denticulate, forming the covering of certain other animals, as fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/scales?s=t) Vent-the anal or excretory opening of animals, especially of those below mammals, as birds and reptiles.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vent?o=100074) Peduncle-a stalk or stem; a stalk like part or structure.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/peduncle?s=t) Anal Fin- the median, unpaired fin on the ventral margin between the anus and the caudal fin in fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anal+fin?s=t) Two-Chambered Heart-including one atrium and one ventricle.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart) Jaws- either of two bones, the mandible or maxilla, forming the framework of the mouth.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jaws?s=ts) Equilibrium-a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces. Vertebrates- are animals that have a spine or backbones.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/equilibrium?s=t) Cold-blooded- designating or pertaining to animals, as fishes and reptiles, whose blood temperature ranges from the freezing point upward, in accordance with the temperature of the surrounding medium.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cold-blooded?s=t) Ventilation-combination of movement of operculum and the floor of the mouth.( http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html) Question, Hypothesis, Materials, and Procedure Question: Do various temperatures of water effect the way a fish breathe? Hypothesis- Cold water: Cold water will affect the way a fish breathe. A fish will take deeper, slower, and less breathes. Room Temperature Water: The amount of breaths a fish breathes will be normal. Hot water: Hot water will cause the fish to taker deeper breaths that are faster. Fish will inhale and exhale more breathes in hot water. Materials- Two fish Small sized container/fish tank Hot water Cold water Room temperature water Notebook/paper Pen/pencil Thermometer timer Procedure- First, set aside a bowl of water to get it to be room temperature. While that sits, create a table with three rows and eight columns. Label the first row experimental sample. Label the next two rows fish one and fish two. Label the columns room temperature, number of breaths, cold water temperature, breaths, hot water temperature, and breaths. Then, get extremely cold water and pour it into the container/fish bowl. Take the first fish and put it in the container with the cold water. Take the thermometer and put it in the bowl of water; wait till the meter stops moving. Record the temperature of the water. Next, set your timer to sixty seconds. Start the timer and count how many breaths the fish takes until the timer goes off. Record the time. Take the fish and thermometer out of the water and pour the water out. Pour the hot water into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish back into the container. Take the thermometer and sit it in the bowl until the meter stops. Record the temperature. Like before, set the timer to sixty seconds and count how many breaths the fish takes in that time. Record your results. After that, take the fish out along with the thermometer. Empty the container of the water. By this time the water that was set aside should be room temperature. Take that water and empty it into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish and thermometer in the bowl. Record the temperature of the water. Set the timer and count the breaths taken again. Record your results before taking the fish and thermometer out. Pour out the water. Repeat this process with the other fish and new water. Bar Graph and Frequency Table Experimental Sample Room Temperature Number of Breaths Warm Temperature Number of Breaths Cold Temperature Number of Breaths Time Fish #1 22Â ° C 89 27Â ° C 91 25Â ° C 59 60 sec Fish #2 23Â ° C 84 27Â ° C 69 25Â ° C 66 60 sec What is a fish? What is the mechanism in which fish breathe in water? A fish is any cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water (http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html). Fish live in nearly any water habitat and can be found in many different varieties of climatic conditions from near-freezing Arctic waters to the hot desert springs. Animals that live on land have a different respiratory system from aquatic animals such as fish. A fish is capable of breathing under water without taking frequent trips to the surface to breathe air unlike a whale which is a marine animal. This is because fish have gills. It is a process to fish breathing. First, water in the fishs surrounding enters its mouth. Water enters the mouth by the operculum and a very effective pumping system that involves the mouth. As a fish pumps water through the gills it opens and closes its mouth. Water is drawn into the mouth after the fish opens its mouth and the operculum closes. After water enters the fishs mouth it passes through a structure. This structure is called gill rakers. The gill rakers act as a filter system by straining out particles such as food or any other foreign particles that may have entered the mouth from the inflow of water. Next, the filtered water travels through the gill arches hence passing over the gills. Projected out into the water flow allows water to flow across the lamellae are gill filaments. Resulting, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly across the capillary membrane. As water flows through the gills, the dissolved oxygen passes into blood circulating through the gill structures. The gill structures include the filaments and lamellae. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide which is the waste product, in the fishs bloodstream passes into the water. It is then carried away and out of the body through the operculum. This is the process by which fish breathe also know as respiration. Resources and References http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html http://teachers.guardian.co.uk/Guardian_RootRepository/Saras/ContentPackaging/UploadRepository/learnpremium/Lesson/learnpremium/scienc~00/post16~00/biology/exchan~00/gaseou~01/gaseou~01/breath~00/default.htm http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Two+chambered+heart http://www.dictionary.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html

We Are Spending Too Much On Prisons Essay -- Persuasive Argumentative

We Are Spending Too Much On Prisons    Would you believe that America has spent around five hundred billion dollars on prisons.(Butterfield) Why are the tax payers of America spending so much money on prisons and not other effective solutions to stopping crime? The American legislation is closed minded about reducing crime. They believe that prison is the one and only solution. Since crime keeps occurring, more and more prisons need to be built and kept running for the increasing numbers of inmates that are pouring into prisons. Prison may be part of the solution, but there are other alternatives to help criminals. If we were to incorporate facilities like drug rehabilitation and job training into the criminal justice system then crime would be greatly reduced. Prisoners would commit fewer crimes after the experience of these facilities, therefore reducing the cost of building and maintaining prisons. The end result will be that the American tax payer's dollars will be available to go to more productive things than prison s.    Prisons require an abundance of money to be run properly and effectively. By using taxes to pay for prisons the American public pays to support the lives of inmates and all of their needs. Prisoners require food, drink, beds, supplies for doing other activities and all of the overlooked things in normal life that go along with these necessities. Inmates have special needs like all of us do. Inmates reguire medical care, for example some have AIDS or other diseases that require medicine which cumulate large bills over time.(Luzadder) Imagine the money amassed over a life sentence of paying for medicine. The American public pays for all of these expenses added to the actual building of the prison f... ...imes which would inevitably send him back to prison. While making perfect sense this solution drastically changes the concept of prison. The effects of social programs integrated with prisons start with helping direct the taxpayers money to more prolific uses, and expand to making people in America smarter, more educated less dangerous people.    Works Cited Federal Bureau of Prisons : http://www.bop.gov/ Inciardi, Dr. James A., A Corrections-Based Continuum of Effective Drug Abuse Treatment. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Avialable: http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles/contdrug.txt Butterfield, Fox. "Prison: Where the Money Is." N.Y. Times, June 1, 1996 Luzadder, Dan. "House gets Bill That Pours Funds Into Prisons, Colleges." Rocky Mountain News Capitol Bureau. Avialable: http://insidedenver.com/extra/legislature/0325budg0.html   

The Mystery :: Creative Writing Examples

The Mystery â€Å"Ring . . . Ring† screamed the phone. â€Å"Damn who could that be . . . its almost seven a.m. on a Saturday . . . . hold on Allison it will only take a minute . . . Hello?† detective Pat said.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Hey sorry Sergeant McGurn but we need you to come down to the station as soon as possible . . . there's more trouble over at Gibbons. Meet me there.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hey sugar I have to go down to Gibbons there's more trouble, do you need a ride someplace?† said the exasperated homicide detective.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It's always something with you Pat . . . every time I come over you either get called in or you're so drunk that you can't even remember who I am . . . It's over Pat!† and then she left.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Come on car . . . Please work . . . Just this once . . . There you go. No matter what anyone says your the best three tone Buick I've ever had.† See he was a real cheap skate, spent all his money on St. Ides and Old English 64oz.ers. He was always borrowing money too. He still owes me seven hundred ninety eight dollars and ninety five cents, plus tax. For a Harvard graduate he sure is a wash up. The only thing he could afford to drive was the car the police station gave him. It was a 1986 Buick with a green trunk, maroon body, and a navy blue hood. The thing took about three minutes to start and another five to warm up, and that was in the summer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ten minutes later he showed up at my desk. I could still smell her perfume on him. He looked terrible, like usual, man he was such a good guy, but he didn't have a lucky bone in his body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"So what's up now Steve? . . . another vending machine robbery . . . more scuff marks?† Pat looked like a detective, you know what I mean, the way the detectives looked in those old movies. He had a bad suit on, with a tie loosened and hanging down and his shirt opened up, and he usually was sleeping at his desk with the light dimmed and his feet up. The hat he had on looked like it had really been worn by a detective out of an old movie, it was all dirty and had a fold like somebody sat on it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No not this time Pat . . . Its a little worse .

Le Petit Chef Case

Le Petit Chef Case 1) What should Gagne do? Specifically, which projects should she fund and why? How should she handle the executive meeting? A fair assessment of the situation at Le Petit Chef is that there are far too many projects on the table. This overflow has led to missed deadlines and therefore missed profit. The gap between LPC and other microwave manufacturers is closing fast and action is required. Essentially, Le Petit Chef needs a cornerstone development.There are five proposed projects: A new intelligent (fuzzy logic) line of microwaves, a low-cost version of an existing microwave line, an entirely new low-cost line, a quick heating model, and a larger cavity Liberte. When choosing which projects to fund, Gagne must evaluate them on three basic criteria: will this project differentiate one product from the next? Will this project spread the r&d team too thin? , and will this project provide a competitive advantage? For the short term, LPC should not attempt to enter th e low-cost microwave market.Le Petit Chef is correlated with high end, high performance appliances and trying to tackle a low cost market that is dominated by large companies such as Samsung and GE would not be appropriate. Because of this, both projects associated with a low end line should be crossed off Gagne’s list. However, perhaps in the future when the company is on more solid footing a low-end line can be attempted. Adding a larger cavity to the Liberte should also be cut because this just adds another component into the mix.Too many components that don’t overlap from one product to the next increases total cost and adaptability. Another reason to cut the larger cavity is because it really does nothing major to differentiate the product. Next, LPC should fund the implementation of a Fuzzy Logic microwave line. This would differentiate the product among high-end competitors, not put too much strain on r&d according to a senior design engineer, and promote the hi gh-class label associated with Le Petit Chef. This project is absolutely necessary to undertake.Another project that should be funded is the development of a â€Å"Liberte-express† with a more powerful magnetron. This adds another vital differentiating feature, will be easy to develop, and be finished relatively quickly (6 months). At the meeting, Gagne simply needs to list the facts to the executives since there shouldn’t be too much convincing to do. She needs to present her product choices listed above rationally and stress the need for the company to stay true to its reputation by focusing on high-end appliances.She needs to alert the execs about how thin r&d is spread and she should probably prepare a list of projects that could be easily axed. She needs to stress the importance of allowing r&d to focus on less projects. The primary theme of her presentation should be realigning Le Petit Chef as the frontrunner in the microwave business. She also needs to outline the current financial issues and how the proposed projects will affect them. 2) What factors explain Le Petit Chef’s poor performance? What actions would you recommend to remedy the situation?Le Petit Chef’s poor performance can be largely attributed to the recent influx of competition from abroad. Essentially, the Asian manufacturers such as Samsung and Sharp infiltrated the low-end market which in turn forced European microwave companies to move into the previously Le Petit Chef dominated high end market. One statistic that basically tells the entire story is that the price of the microwave oven had dropped by 10% each year from 1996 to 2000. In an attempt to ward off competition, LPC spent hefty sums in advertising. This was overkill and caused financial issues.Another key factor was the r&d team being spread so thinly across so many products. Exhibit 9 highlights this by showing the products branching out in an almost ridiculous manner. Quite frankly, LPC needs to reduce its projects. In order to remedy the situation, LPC needs to do a handful of things. First, they need to realize that they cannot compete with the large foreign companies. Therefore, any thoughts of entering the low-cost market should be heavily discouraged. LPC has a niche in the high end market and they need to stick to their guns.By focusing on the high end marked, R&D is also not as overextended. Next, LPC needs to differentiate their products from the competition. They need to give the buyer some incentive to fork over more cash for their expensive microwaves. Another thing that LPC should try to do is to make more components that are interchangeable between models in order to lower costs. LPC should also focus on the appearance of their microwaves, because to sell a high-end product it has to appear that way. Essentially, the appearance is the ultimate differentiating factor.

How to be successful person?

Nowadays, there are many successful athletes, who dedicated their lives to be healthy, because inâ€Å"A Healthy Mind In a Healthy Bodyâ€Å". We all know that sports play an important role in our life, but to become a true sportsman one should possess the quality of head an heart We should take athletes as example for us, because of their courage and ambitions.. One of the most important quality of a sportsman is sportsman ship. Sportsman ship means the true spirit of taking part in sports. A sportsman should never use unfair means for personal gain.Sportsmen should strongly avert on eating fast food because fast food contains excess amount of fat and salt which is unfavourable and an obstacle to becoming a successful sportsman. An excellent sportsman incorporates many traits such as powerful physique, keen senses, discipline, calm and yet gregarious and outgoing. Enough sleep and rest is also a major requisite for becoming a successful sportsman. A sportsman also should have fore sight quick thinking, especially during the team play, for example football.As for me, becoming a successful sportsman just requires integrity and perseverance. If you want to be successful person in your live, you should have some important qualities in your character. In the world there are many successful persons in different area. For example, Margaret Thatcher was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. She was the longest-serving British Prime Minister of the 20th century and is the only woman to have held the office.Margaret Thatcher was hard-working person, who very want to achieve her aim in life. No doubt, that in her character was qualities as determination, diplomacy, foresight, discipline. If you want to achieve success how Margaret Thatcher, you should also have quick thinking, power of persuasion. Another key to be success is in good education. If you study hard, you receive great result and big intellect, which help you have everything, that you want.

The Nurse Managers Role

The nurse manager is vital in creating an environment where nurse-physician collaboration can occur and is the expected norm. It is she, who clarifies the vision of collaboration, sets an example of and practices as a role model for collaboration. The nurse manager also supports and makes necessary changes in the environment to bring together all the elements that are necessary to facilitating effective nurse-physician collaboration. Many authors (Alpert, Goldman, Kilroy, & Pike, 1992; Baggs & Schmitt, 1997; Betts, 1994; Evans, 1994; Evans & Carlson, 1993; Keeman, Cooke, & Hillis, 1998; Jones, 1994) have indicated that nurse-physician collaboration is not widespread and a number of barriers exist. The following will discuss the necessary ingredients for creating a nursing unit that is conducive to nurse-physician collaboration and supported through transformational leadership. The first important barrier according to (Keenan et al. (1998) is concerned with how nurses and physicians have not been socialized to collaborate with each other and do not believe they are expected to do so. Nurse and physicians have traditionally operated under the paradigm of physician dominance and the physician†s viewpoint prevails on patient care issues. Collaboration, on the other hand, involves mutual respect for each other†s opinions as well as possible contributions by the other party in optimizing patient care. Collaboration (Gray, 1989) requires that parties, who see different aspects of a problem, communicate together and constructively explore their differences in search of solutions that go beyond their own limited vision of what is possible. Many researchers have argued (Betts 1994; Evans & Carlson, 1993; Hansen et al. , 1999; Watts et al. , 1995) that nurses and physicians should collaborate to address patient care issues, because consideration of both the professions concerns is important to the development of high quality patient care. Additionally, effective nurse-physician collaboration has been linked to many positive outcomes over the years, all of which are necessary in today†s rapidly changing health care environment. One study by (Baggs & Schmitt, 1997) found several major positive outcomes form nurses and physicians working together, they were described as improving patient care, feeling better in the job, and controlling costs. In another study (Alpert et al. , 1992) also found that collaboration among physicians and nurses led to increased functional status for patients and a decreased time from admission to discharge. Along with improved patient outcomes, nurse-physician collaboration has several other reasons why it has become significant in today†s health care environment. Several examples of which are, as identified by (Jones, 1994) the cost containment effort, changing roles for nurses and physicians, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations focus on total quality management, and emphasis by professional organizations and investigators have focused attention on this area. The challenge of creating an environment for patient care in which collaboration is the norm can be difficult and belongs to the domain of the nurse manager. In order to create a collaborative work environment several conditions must be achieved and several natural barriers to nurse-physician collaboration must be overcome. In creating this environment for collaborative practice, (Evans, 1994) identified several more barriers to overcome. She expresses that the most difficult to overcome is the time-honored tradition of the nurse-physician hierarchy of relationships, which encourages a tendency oward superior-subordinate mentality. Keenan et al. (1998) found that nurses expect the physicians to manage conflict with a dominant/superior attitude. They also found that nurses are oriented towards being passive in conflict situations with physicians. A second barrier to collaboration is a lack of understanding of the scope of each other†s practice, roles, and responsibilities. Evans (1994) feels that one cannot appreciate the contribution of another individual if one has only limited understanding of the dimensions of that individual†s practice. It is equally true that appreciation of one†s own contribution is blurred if the understanding of one†s own role is limited. A third constraint to collaborative practice might be related to this perceived constraint on effective communication. Although there might be individual differences causing restraint in communication, the organizational and bureaucratic hierarchies of most hospitals hinders lines of communication. Several final factors cited by (Evans, 1994) as barriers to collaborative practice include immaturity of both physician and nurse groups, coupled with unassertive nurse behavior and aggressive physician behaviors. Factors that promoted collaboration between nurse and physicians were identified by (Keenan et al, 1998). She explained that nurse education was sighted as one of the most outstanding variables that promoted collaboration. The more educated a nurse was the more likely they were to take action in disagreements with physicians. Additionally, when nurses expected physicians to collaborate and to not exhibit strong aggressive behaviors or controversial styles, they were more likely to approach and discuss patient conditions with them. Researchers also found that male nurse were more likely than female nurses to confront physicians and not avoid dominant or aggressive behavior. Expectations for physicians to collaborate and to not handle situations aggressively appeared to be a stronger predictor of nurse-physician collaboration than any expected normative beliefs. The first step a nurse manager should take in the process of achieving a practice environment that facilitates collaboration is to conduct an assessment of the presence or absence of barriers leading to collaborative practice. According to (Evans, 1994), the environmental and role variables to assess include role identification and the professional maturity of both the nurses and physicians, communication patterns, and the flexibility of the organizational structure. By assessing the work environment for barriers and facilitators to collaborative practice, the nurse manager can achieve a general idea of how ready the unit is to begin a collaborative practice. The next step would be to plan an effective way to initiate a collaborative practice model of delivering health care on the unit. This can be done by establishing what is called a Joint Practice Committee, and including nurses and physicians to be a part of this work group. Its purpose would be to examine the needs assessment results of the unit†s readiness for collaborative practice, designing, implementing, and evaluating the process of transforming the unit. This step is an integral part of the process of establishing a collaborative practice and was identified by the National Joint Practice Commission (NJPC) as a necessary element in the process. The NJPC began in 1971 and the commission was dissolved in 1981. The commission†s work resulted in the publication of guidelines for collaborative practice in hospitals. The NJPC defines a joint-practice committee with a composition of equal number of nurses and physicians who monitor the inter-professional relationships and recommend appropriate strategies to support and maintain those relationships. The NJPC identifies four other structural elements necessary for a collaborative practice as primary nursing, integrated patient care records, joint patient care reviews, and emphasis on and support of nurse independent clinical decision making. These elements are an important cornerstone for creating a successful collaborative practice unit. In addition, several other factors have been identified by the NJPC as beneficial to maintaining an effective support systems when developing a collaborative practice such as appropriate staffing, committed medical leadership, standardized clinical protocols, and most importantly communication. Although a successful collaborative practice model has is a planned event. According to (Evans, 1994), it is important to realize that a collaborative relationship cannot be legislated, dictated, or mandated by anyone. It must be agreed upon and accepted by individuals who share responsibility for patient care outcomes. The third step in the process would be to empower the nursing staff with beliefs that fulfill their higher order of needs such as achievement, self-actualization, concern for others, and affiliation. Because of nursings normative behavior as passive, caring, and subservient the staff must learn to overcome expectations to identify with this role expectation. The nurse manager must support, coach, and instill a sense of empowerment into her staff in order for them to depart from those stereotypes. The idea is to fill the nursing staff with a sense of self-confidence and to lose thoughts of self-doubt, inequality, and subservience. To implement this new paradigm of nurse empowerment can be a challenge for the nurse manager within any typical hospital beaurocracy. That is why it is important to choose the correct style of leadership to guide the staff through this process of empowering or transforming. The leadership model best suited for this type of task and the most congruent with empowerment is the transformational model. Transformational leadership is a process in which leaders seek to shape and alter the goals of followers. Cassidy & Koroll (1994) describe the process as incorporating the dimensions of leader, follower, and situation. The leader motivates followers by identifying and clarifying motives, values, and goals that contribute to enhancing shared leadership and autonomy. Transformational leaders are usually charismatic so they enhance energy and drive people towards a common vision and shifting the focus of control from leaders to followers. It is the transformational nurse manager that will be able to empower her workers to facilitate nurse-physician collaboration, for the common good of the patient. The nurse manager using transformational leadership would set the direction for the rest of the unit to follow. She would be able to charismatically appeal to the medical staff as well as the nursing staff and create collaboration beyond the daily frustrations of arguing about to which domain a certain patient care issues belong. Further more the nurse manager would have to work hard at decreasing the seeds of distrust and disrespect that have been planted between our colleagues in medicine, and vice versa with nursing. Corley (1998) described several behaviors that the transformation nurse manager would need to exhibit in supporting her staff in such a role transition. The behaviors are as follows: stimulate creativity, establish an environment that facilitates team work and learning, implement change, motivate staff to assume increased responsibility, help develop employees† awareness of organizational goals, delegate responsibility appropriately, communicate openly and directly with staff, and collaborate with peers. The significance of these behaviors in facilitating empowerment is seen as fundamental to creating collaborative practice environment. The final step in the process is to evaluate its effectiveness. In order to provide a clear and concise evaluation of the collaborative process one must look at all structural elements and all indicators of collaboration as previously discussed. Once accurate measures are identified and assessed the collaborative practice committee can discuss their outcomes and effectiveness. Over time, nurses and physicians may be able to articulate more clearly the changes in their practice and beliefs that have been affected by collaborating on patient care. Several of these key areas to examine would be: length of stay, patient and provider satisfaction, number of return visits, and changes in supply costs. Improvements in any of these areas could be due to favorable results from collaborative practice between nurses and physicians. In conclusion, many problems related to nurse physician collaboration are typically blamed on physicians. However the reality is that many of the barriers can be traced back to nursing as well. Collaboration is a process by which members of various disciplines share their expertise. Accomplishing this requires that these individuals understand and appreciate what it is that each professional domain contributes to the â€Å"whole†. The nurse manger plays a pivotal role in establishing an environment that is conducive to collaboration among the disciplines. Although it is a difficult road to follow the benefits of an effective collaborative unit out-weigh the difficulties of establishing such a practice. However, the nurse manager has an excellent vehicle for which to begin her journey and that is the use of transformation leadership, an empowering tool for change.